Abstract
Crop root system plays an important role in nitrogen uptake. In this study, two rice varieties, conventional rice variety Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and super hybrid rice variety Yangliangyou 6 (YLY6), were grew hydroponically under high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) treatments to investigate the changes of root characteristics and their relationships with nitrogen accumulation at seedling stage. Compared to HN, LN significantly decreased the total N accumulation in HHZ by 19.7% and had no substantial effect in YLY6. Under LN, root dry weight, the total root length, root surface area, and root tips in YLY6 significantly increased by 41.3%, 57.1%, 74.9%, and 20.6%, respectively. However, these four morphological parameters had no significant change in HHZ. Under LN, root diameter and root cortical area in YLY6 significantly increased by 12.4% and 24.2%, respectively. However, the two parameters and root stele diameter in HHZ significantly reduced by 12.0%, 21.9%, and 11.4%, respectively. In YLY6, LN significantly up-regulated the relative expression level of root ammonium transporter genes (AMT2;1, AMT2;3, AMT3;1, and AMT3;2) by 195.6%, 29.3%, 314.9%, and 388.9%, respectively, and increased the relative expression level of glutamine synthetase gene GS1;1 by 158.2%. However, LN had no effect on the relative expression level of the five genes in HHZ. Total nitrogen accumulation was significantly and positively correlated with the root characteristics (but thickness of root cortical sclerenchyma) and expression of above-mentioned genes under LN. These results indicated that the enhanced positive responses of above-mentioned root characteristics contributed to high nitrogen accumulation in YLY6 seedlings under LN. Developing varieties with root positive responses to nitrogen reduction should be a considerable target for green rice production.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen reduced total N accumulation in HHZ by 19.7% compared with high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- HHZe0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Outcome
- total N accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 19.7%e0
- Comparator
- HNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“Compared to HN, LN significantly decreased the total N accumulation in HHZ by 19.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen had no substantial effect on total N accumulation in YLY6.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- YLY6e0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Outcome
- total N accumulatione0
- Direction
- no substantial effecte0
- Comparator
- HNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“Compared to HN, LN significantly decreased the total N accumulation in HHZ by 19.7% and had no substantial effect in YLY6”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low nitrogen, YLY6 root dry weight, length, area and tip number rose by 41.3%, 57.1%, 74.9%, and 20.6%, respectively.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- YLY6e0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Outcome
- root dry weight, the total root length, root surface area, and root tipse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 41.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“Under LN, root dry weight, the total root length, root surface area, and root tips in YLY6 significantly increased by 41.3%, 57.1%, 74.9%, and 20.6%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
HHZ had no significant change in those four root morphological parameters under low nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- HHZe0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen (LN)e1
- Outcome
- these four morphological parameterse0
- Direction
- no significant changee0
- Comparator
- high nitrogen (HN)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“these four morphological parameters had no significant change in HHZ”
e1“under high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low nitrogen, YLY6 root diameter and cortical area increased by 12.4% and 24.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- YLY6e0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Outcome
- root diameter and root cortical areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“Under LN, root diameter and root cortical area in YLY6 significantly increased by 12.4% and 24.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low nitrogen, HHZ root diameter, cortical area, and stele diameter decreased by 12.0%, 21.9%, and 11.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- HHZe0
- Treatment
- LNe1
- Outcome
- root stele diametere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“the two parameters and root stele diameter in HHZ significantly reduced by 12.0%, 21.9%, and 11.4%, respectively”
e1“Under LN, root diameter and root cortical area”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen upregulated YLY6 AMT2;1, AMT2;3, AMT3;1 and AMT3;2 expression by 195.6%, 29.3%, 314.9% and 388.9%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- YLY6e0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Gene
- AMT2;1e0
- Outcome
- relative expression level of root ammonium transporter genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 195.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“In YLY6, LN significantly up-regulated the relative expression level of root ammonium transporter genes (AMT2;1, AMT2;3, AMT3;1, and AMT3;2) by 195.6%, 29.3%, 314.9%, and 388.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen increased YLY6 GS1;1 relative expression by 158.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- YLY6e1
- Gene
- GS1;1e0
- Outcome
- relative expression level of glutamine synthetase genee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 158.2%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“increased the relative expression level of glutamine synthetase gene GS1;1 by 158.2%”
e1“In YLY6, LN significantly up-regulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen had no effect on relative expression of the five genes in HHZ.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- HHZe0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Outcome
- relative expression level of the five genese0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“LN had no effect on the relative expression level of the five genes in HHZ”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low nitrogen, total nitrogen accumulation correlated positively with root characteristics except cortical sclerenchyma thickness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Outcome
- Total nitrogen accumulatione0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“Total nitrogen accumulation was significantly and positively correlated with the root characteristics (but thickness of root cortical sclerenchyma) and expression of above-mentioned genes under LN”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low nitrogen, total nitrogen accumulation correlated positively with expression of the named genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LNe0
- Outcome
- Total nitrogen accumulatione0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Qualifier
- expression of above-mentioned genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“Total nitrogen accumulation was significantly and positively correlated with the root characteristics (but thickness of root cortical sclerenchyma) and expression of above-mentioned genes under LN”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend developing rice varieties whose roots respond positively to nitrogen reduction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Developing varieties with root positive responses to nitrogen reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice variety”
e0“Developing varieties with root positive responses to nitrogen reduction should be a considerable target for green rice production”
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