Paper · 2026 · Journal of Fungi

Fungal Endophyte Comprehensively Orchestrates Nodulation and Nitrogen Utilization of Legume Crop (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Xing-Guang Xie; Hui-Jun Jiang; Kai Sun; et al.

10
claims
20
verbatim quotes
1
citations
4
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

(1) Background: Improving nitrogen use efficiency in peanuts is essential for achieving a high yield with reduced nitrogen fertilizer input. This study investigates the role of the fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris in regulating nitrogen utilization throughout the entire growth cycle of peanuts. (2) Methods: Field pot experiments and a two-year plot trial were conducted. The effects of Ph. liquidambaris colonization on the rhizosphere microbial community, soil nitrogen forms, and peanut physiology were analyzed. (3) Results: Colonization by Ph. liquidambaris significantly suppressed the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in the rhizosphere at the seedling stage. This led to a transient decrease in nitrate and an increase in ammonium availability, which enhanced nodulation-related physiological responses. Concurrently, the peanut-specific rhizobium Bradyrhizobium sp. was enriched in the rhizosphere, and the root exudates induced by the fungus further stimulated nodulation activity. These early-stage effects promoted the establishment of peanut–Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. During the mid-to-late growth stages, the fungus positively reshaped the composition of key functional microbial groups (including diazotrophs, AOA, and AOB), thereby increasing rhizosphere nitrogen availability. (4) Conclusions: Under low nitrogen fertilization, inoculation with Ph. liquidambaris maintained yield stability in long-term monocropped peanuts by enhancing early nodulation and late-stage rhizosphere nitrogen availability. This study provides a promising microbe-based strategy to support sustainable legume production with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Fungal colonization suppressed rhizosphere ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria at seedling stage.

Taxon
peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
Organ / stage
seedling stagee0
Treatment
Colonization by Ph. liquidambarise0
Interactor
Ph. liquidambarise0symbiont
Outcome
abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB)e0
Direction
suppressede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Colonization by Ph. liquidambaris significantly suppressed the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in the rhizosphere at the seedling stage.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 538–706 · show in text ↑
t0

“long-term monocropped peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1450–1479 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fungal colonization transiently decreased rhizosphere nitrate.

Taxon
peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
Treatment
Ph. liquidambarist1
Interactor
Ph. liquidambarist1symbiont
Outcome
nitratee0
Direction
decreasee0
Qualifier
transiente0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This led to a transient decrease in nitrate and an increase in ammonium availability”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–791 · show in text ↑
t0

“long-term monocropped peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1450–1479 · show in text ↑
t1

“Ph. liquidambaris colonization”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 396–426 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fungal colonization increased rhizosphere ammonium availability.

Taxon
peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
Treatment
Ph. liquidambarist1
Interactor
Ph. liquidambarist1symbiont
Outcome
ammonium availabilitye0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This led to a transient decrease in nitrate and an increase in ammonium availability”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–791 · show in text ↑
t0

“long-term monocropped peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1450–1479 · show in text ↑
t1

“Ph. liquidambaris colonization”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 396–426 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The change enhanced nodulation related physiology.

Outcome
nodulation-related physiological responsese0
Qualifier
enhancede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“which enhanced nodulation-related physiological responses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 793–850 · show in text ↑
t0

“peanut physiology”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 492–509 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bradyrhizobium sp. was enriched in the peanut rhizosphere.

Interactor
Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome
Bradyrhizobium sp. was enrichede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Louisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the peanut-specific rhizobium Bradyrhizobium sp. was enriched in the rhizosphere”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 866–946 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fungus induced root exudates stimulated nodulation.

Outcome
nodulation activitye0
Qualifier
root exudates induced by the funguse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the root exudates induced by the fungus further stimulated nodulation activity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 952–1030 · show in text ↑
t0

“peanut physiology”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 492–509 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The early effects promoted peanut and Bradyrhizobium symbiosis.

Interactor
BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
Outcome
establishment of peanut–Bradyrhizobium symbiosise0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Louisa Howard - Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“These early-stage effects promoted the establishment of peanut–Bradyrhizobium symbiosis.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1032–1120 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The fungus reshaped functional microbial group composition at mid to late growth stages.

Taxon
peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
Organ / stage
mid-to-late growth stagese0
Treatment
funguse0
Interactor
funguse0symbiont
Outcome
composition of key functional microbial groupse0
Direction
positively reshapede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“During the mid-to-late growth stages, the fungus positively reshaped the composition of key functional microbial groups (including diazotrophs, AOA, and AOB)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1121–1278 · show in text ↑
t0

“long-term monocropped peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1450–1479 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The fungal effects increased rhizosphere nitrogen availability.

Taxon
peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
Treatment
Ph. liquidambarist1
Interactor
Ph. liquidambarist1symbiont
Outcome
rhizosphere nitrogen availabilitye0
Direction
increasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“thereby increasing rhizosphere nitrogen availability”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1280–1332 · show in text ↑
t0

“long-term monocropped peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1450–1479 · show in text ↑
t1

“Ph. liquidambaris colonization”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 396–426 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under low nitrogen fertilization, fungal inoculation maintained yield stability in long term monocropped peanuts.

Taxon
peanutsArachis hypogaeae0
Treatment
inoculation with Ph. liquidambarise0
Interactor
Ph. liquidambarise0symbiont
Outcome
yield stabilitye0
Direction
maintainede0
Qualifier
Under low nitrogen fertilizatione0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Under low nitrogen fertilization, inoculation with Ph. liquidambaris maintained yield stability in long-term monocropped peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1351–1479 · show in text ↑

ph · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

6 papers: 3 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

inoculation · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

221 papers: 198 positive, 23 negative or no effect

197 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

217 papers more in this group

See all 221 papers →

ph · pest · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

infection · pest · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.