Abstract
Global climate change has caused an increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events, which aggravates the waterlogging risk to pose serious threats to the production of rapeseed. Strigolactones (SLs) have been demonstrated to enhance crop stress resistance by modulating physiochemical processes and gene expression. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms through which SLs alleviate waterlogging damage in rapeseed. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the regulatory effects of SLs on the phenotypic and physiochemical characteristics of waterlogged rapeseed and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that waterlogging substantially inhibited the aboveground growth and root development, as well as reduced the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, mesophyll and spongy tissue thickness, APX activity, and N, P, and K contents in seedlings. Conversely, SLs activated the glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, upregulated GPX , GSH , and 4CL genes, increased amino acids and secondary metabolites, enhanced antioxidant enzyme system and absorption efficiency of N, P, and K elements, promoted photosynthesis and biomass accumulation, thereby effectively alleviating waterlogging damage. At the flowering stage, SLs activated alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, regulated the GLN1 , ASP and PAL genes, increased amino acid and phenolic compounds, which together effectively mitigated the waterlogging-induced yield and quality loss. Overall, this study demonstrates that SLs can effectively mitigate waterlogging damage to the phenotypic traits, physiochemical indicators, transcriptomics, and metabolomics in rapeseed. The findings provide practical guidance for improving waterlogging tolerance in cultivation management, and also an important theoretical basis for genetic improvement in rapeseed. • Waterlogging substantially inhibited the aboveground growth and root development in seedlings. • Waterlogging reduced the photosynthesis, mesophyll and spongy tissue thickness, and element content in seedlings. • Strigolactones activated the glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways in seedlings. • Strigolactones activated alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis at flowering.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging inhibited aboveground growth and root development in rapeseed seedlings.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- aboveground growth and root developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“waterlogging substantially inhibited the aboveground growth and root development”
t0“rapeseed”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“reduced the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance”
t0“rapeseed”
e1“waterlogging substantially inhibited the aboveground growth and root development”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced mesophyll and spongy tissue thickness.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge1
- Outcome
- mesophyll and spongy tissue thicknesse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“reduced the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, mesophyll and spongy tissue thickness”
t0“rapeseed”
e1“waterlogging substantially inhibited the aboveground growth and root development”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced APX activity and N, P, and K contents.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge1
- Outcome
- APX activity, and N, P, and K contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“reduced the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, mesophyll and spongy tissue thickness, APX activity, and N, P, and K contents in seedlings”
t0“rapeseed”
e1“waterlogging substantially inhibited the aboveground growth and root development”
Claim · model-written summary
Strigolactones activated glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in waterlogged seedlings.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- SLse0
- Outcome
- glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathwayse0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“SLs activated the glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways”
t0“rapeseed”
Claim · model-written summary
Strigolactones upregulated GPX, GSH, and 4CL genes.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“SLs activated the glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, upregulated GPX , GSH , and 4CL genes”
t0“rapeseed”
Claim · model-written summary
Strigolactones increased amino acids and secondary metabolites.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased amino acids and secondary metabolites”
t0“rapeseed”
e1“SLs activated the glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
Strigolactones enhanced the antioxidant enzyme system and N, P, and K absorption efficiency.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- SLse1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme system and absorption efficiency of N, P, and K elementse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“enhanced antioxidant enzyme system and absorption efficiency of N, P, and K elements”
t0“rapeseed”
e1“SLs activated the glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
Strigolactones promoted photosynthesis and biomass accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“promoted photosynthesis and biomass accumulation”
t0“rapeseed”
e1“SLs activated the glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
At flowering, strigolactones activated amino acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- SLse0
- Outcome
- alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathwayse0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At the flowering stage, SLs activated alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways”
t0“rapeseed”
Claim · model-written summary
At flowering, strigolactones regulated GLN1, ASP, and PAL genes.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“SLs activated alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, regulated the GLN1 , ASP and PAL genes”
t0“rapeseed”
Claim · model-written summary
At flowering, strigolactones increased amino acids and phenolic compounds.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased amino acid and phenolic compounds”
t0“rapeseed”
e1“SLs activated the glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
Strigolactones mitigated waterlogging-induced yield and quality loss.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- SLse1
- Outcome
- waterlogging-induced yield and quality losse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“effectively mitigated the waterlogging-induced yield and quality loss”
t0“rapeseed”
e1“SLs activated the glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.