Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a tyrosine-sulfated pentapeptide found throughout the plant kingdom, playing key roles in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive analysis of the BnPSK gene family in Brassica napus. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification and characterized 19 BnPSK genes in oil seed plants, which are unevenly distributed across both sub-genomes (A and C). BnPSK proteins ranged from 77 to 99 amino acids (BnPSK3c and BnPSK3d) in length, all belonging to the PSK-α type and containing conserved PSK domains. Synteny analysis revealed that the expansion of the BnPSK gene family is primarily attributed to whole genome duplication, with homology to Arabidopsis thaliana PSK genes. A promoter region analysis identified cis-acting elements related to hormone and stress responses. An expression profile analysis showed that BnPSK genes are highly expressed in roots, leaves, petals, and pollens and are induced by both abiotic stresses and phytohormone application. Furthermore, RT-qPCR assay demonstrated that the expression levels of BnPSK4c, BnPSK5a, and BnPSK5b were significantly enhanced under drought stress (3~5-fold) both in plant roots and leaves following ABA application. Lastly, the application of ABA induced antioxidant activity including SOD, POD, CAT and APX (2~5-fold) and their corresponding genes (3~5-fold), and altered the ROS-signaling in rapeseed plants; also, strong evidence of mitigating drought stress was present. These findings establish a basis for further research into the role of the BnPSK gene family in oilseed plant tolerance against drought stress and underlying molecular mechanisms, offering valuable perspectives for developing novel peptides.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Nineteen BnPSK genes were identified and distributed unevenly between A and C subgenomes.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse1 - Gene
- BnPSK genese0
- Outcome
- unevenly distributed across both sub-genomes (A and C)e0
- Value
- 19e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“characterized 19 BnPSK genes in oil seed plants, which are unevenly distributed across both sub-genomes (A and C)”
e1“BnPSK gene family in Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
BnPSK proteins ranged from 77 to 99 amino acids in length.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Gene
- BnPSK proteinse0
- Outcome
- lengthe0
- Value
- 77 to 99 amino acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BnPSK proteins ranged from 77 to 99 amino acids (BnPSK3c and BnPSK3d) in length”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
All identified BnPSK proteins were PSK-alpha type and had conserved PSK domains.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Gene
- BnPSK proteinse1
- Outcome
- PSK-α type and containing conserved PSK domainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all belonging to the PSK-α type and containing conserved PSK domains”
e1“BnPSK proteins ranged from 77 to 99 amino acids”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole genome duplication was identified as the primary contributor to BnPSK family expansion.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Gene
- BnPSK gene familye0
- Outcome
- expansione0
- Qualifier
- whole genome duplicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expansion of the BnPSK gene family is primarily attributed to whole genome duplication”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
BnPSK genes showed homology to Arabidopsis thaliana PSK genes.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Gene
- BnPSK gene familye1
- Outcome
- homology to Arabidopsis thaliana PSK genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with homology to Arabidopsis thaliana PSK genes”
e1“expansion of the BnPSK gene family”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Promoters contained cis-acting elements related to hormone and stress responses.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- cis-acting elements related to hormone and stress responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A promoter region analysis identified cis-acting elements related to hormone and stress responses”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
BnPSK genes were highly expressed in roots, leaves and reproductive organs.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- roots, leaves, petals, and pollense0
- Gene
- BnPSK genese0
- Outcome
- highly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BnPSK genes are highly expressed in roots, leaves, petals, and pollens”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Abiotic stresses induced BnPSK gene expression.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- abiotic stressese0
- Gene
- BnPSK genese0
- Outcome
- BnPSK genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BnPSK genes are highly expressed in roots, leaves, petals, and pollens and are induced by both abiotic stresses and phytohormone application”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormone application induced BnPSK gene expression.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- phytohormone applicatione0
- Gene
- BnPSK genese0
- Outcome
- BnPSK genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BnPSK genes are highly expressed in roots, leaves, petals, and pollens and are induced by both abiotic stresses and phytohormone application”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application under drought enhanced root and leaf BnPSK4c expression three to fivefold.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- plant roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione0
- Gene
- BnPSK4ce0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3~5-folde0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression levels of BnPSK4c, BnPSK5a, and BnPSK5b were significantly enhanced under drought stress (3~5-fold) both in plant roots and leaves following ABA application”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application under drought enhanced root and leaf BnPSK5a expression three to fivefold.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- plant roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione0
- Gene
- BnPSK5ae0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3~5-folde0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression levels of BnPSK4c, BnPSK5a, and BnPSK5b were significantly enhanced under drought stress (3~5-fold) both in plant roots and leaves following ABA application”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application under drought enhanced root and leaf BnPSK5b expression three to fivefold.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- plant roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione0
- Gene
- BnPSK5be0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3~5-folde0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression levels of BnPSK4c, BnPSK5a, and BnPSK5b were significantly enhanced under drought stress (3~5-fold) both in plant roots and leaves following ABA application”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA induced SOD, POD, CAT and APX antioxidant activity two to fivefold.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- application of ABAe0
- Gene
- SOD, POD, CAT and APXe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- 2~5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of ABA induced antioxidant activity including SOD, POD, CAT and APX (2~5-fold)”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA induced corresponding antioxidant genes three to fivefold.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- application of ABAe1
- Outcome
- corresponding genese0
- Direction
- inducede1
- Value
- 3~5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their corresponding genes (3~5-fold)”
e1“the application of ABA induced antioxidant activity including SOD, POD, CAT and APX (2~5-fold) and their corresponding genes (3~5-fold)”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA altered ROS signaling in rapeseed plants.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“altered the ROS-signaling in rapeseed plants”
e1“the application of ABA induced antioxidant activity including SOD, POD, CAT and APX”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application provided evidence of mitigating drought stress.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- application of ABAe1
- Outcome
- drought stresse0
- Direction
- mitigatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong evidence of mitigating drought stress was present”
e1“the application of ABA induced antioxidant activity including SOD, POD, CAT and APX”
t0“Brassica napus”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · molecular: expression · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →class · molecular: expression · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
abiotic · molecular: expression · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.