Paper · 2026 · Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Conservation agriculture and cover crops enhances yield and profitability of grain production systems

Lutécia Beatriz Canalli; Laíse da Silveira Pontes; Guilherme Leonardi; et al.

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claims
6
verbatim quotes
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citations
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Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

This study aimed to verify whether diversified crop rotation systems are more productive and profitable than the wheat-soybean crop rotation system. In southern Brazil, five crop rotation systems with varying levels of species diversification (ranging from 4 to 10 species per three-year cycle) were compared to a wheat-soybean double-crop system over six agricultural years (2017-2018 to 2022-2023, in two three-year cycles ). Yield and economic indicators were evaluated. At the end of the six agricultural years, all treatments were profitable. The highest accumulated profit was observed in the treatment that rotated corn, bean, and soybean in summer with cover crops and cereals in winter. This system was 38% more profitable than the wheat-soybean crop rotation system. The results suggest that crop rotation with species diversification, especially when incorporating cover crops in conservation agriculture, can be more profitable, enhance soybean yields, and require lower investments compared to traditional wheat-soybean crop rotation system.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 5

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Every rotation treatment was profitable after six agricultural years.

Taxon
grain production systemst0
Outcome
profitablee0
Qualifier
six agricultural yearse0

Verbatim

e0

“At the end of the six agricultural years, all treatments were profitable”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 474–546 · show in text ↑
t0

“grain production systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 77–101 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The rotation with summer corn, bean, and soybean and winter cover crops and cereals had the highest accumulated profit.

Taxon
corn, bean, and soybeane0
Treatment
rotated corn, bean, and soybean in summer with cover crops and cereals in wintere0
Outcome
accumulated profite0
Direction
higheste0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The highest accumulated profit was observed in the treatment that rotated corn, bean, and soybean in summer with cover crops and cereals in winter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–694 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

That diversified rotation was 38% more profitable than wheat-soybean rotation.

Taxon
wheat-soybeane0
Treatment
This systeme0
Outcome
profitablee0
Direction
more profitablee0
Value
38%e0
Comparator
wheat-soybean crop rotation systeme0

Verbatim

e0

“This system was 38% more profitable than the wheat-soybean crop rotation system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 696–775 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diversified rotation can enhance soybean yields relative to wheat-soybean rotation.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
crop rotation with species diversificatione0
Outcome
soybean yieldse0
Direction
enhancee0
Comparator
traditional wheat-soybean crop rotation systeme0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“crop rotation with species diversification, especially when incorporating cover crops in conservation agriculture, can be more profitable, enhance soybean yields, and require lower investments compared to traditional wheat-soybean crop rotation system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 802–1053 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diversified rotation can require lower investments than wheat-soybean rotation.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
crop rotation with species diversificatione0
Outcome
investmentse0
Direction
lowere0
Comparator
traditional wheat-soybean crop rotation systeme0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“crop rotation with species diversification, especially when incorporating cover crops in conservation agriculture, can be more profitable, enhance soybean yields, and require lower investments compared to traditional wheat-soybean crop rotation system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 802–1053 · show in text ↑

Zea mays subsp. mays · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ

70 papers: 48 positive, 22 negative or no effect

47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

66 papers more in this group

See all 70 papers →

Zea mays subsp. mays · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

292 papers: 196 positive, 96 negative or no effect

195 papers in the same direction as this paper · 85 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

288 papers more in this group

See all 292 papers →

Glycine max · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 1 positive, 2 negative or no effect

2 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
See all 3 papers →

Zea mays subsp. mays · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

10 papers: 7 positive, 3 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

Glycine max · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

180 papers: 155 positive, 25 negative or no effect

154 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

176 papers more in this group

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rotation · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

17 papers: 12 positive, 5 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

13 papers more in this group

See all 17 papers →

cover crop · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

19 papers: 8 positive, 11 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

cover crop · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

101 papers: 33 positive, 68 negative or no effect

32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 57 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

97 papers more in this group

See all 101 papers →

8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.