Abstract
Optimizing planting density and mepiquat chloride (MC) is essential for simplified, machine-harvestable cotton production in the Yangtze River Basin. A two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the synergistic regulatory mechanisms of MC and planting density on plant architecture, physiology, and yield in short-season direct-seeding cotton. A split-plot design was employed with varying gradients of MC dosage and planting density. The results indicate that density and MC function complementarily in shaping plant architecture: MC primarily controls vertical growth (“dwarfing”), while density elevates the initial fruiting node (“elevation”), with no antagonistic interaction between the two. Regarding canopy structure, increasing density is the primary driver for improving the leaf area index (LAI), while MC optimizes light distribution during the critical boll stage. In terms of yield formation, high density significantly enhances seed cotton yield by increasing the number of bolls per unit area, which effectively overcompensates for the reduction in bolls per plant. Notably, a dose-dependent synergistic effect was observed where high MC dosage maximized the yield potential of high-density populations. Furthermore, fiber quality remained stable across treatments, driven primarily by interannual climate factors rather than agronomic regulation. Consequently, an independent synergistic optimization strategy is recommended, combining high density to secure population yield with medium-to-high MC dosage to shape an ideal machine-harvestable architecture. This approach provides a theoretical basis and technical pathway for high-yield and efficient cotton cultivation in the region.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
MC primarily controls vertical growth of cotton (dwarfing).
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- MCe0
- Outcome
- vertical growthe0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e0“MC primarily controls vertical growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting density elevates the initial fruiting node of cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- densitye1
- Outcome
- initial fruiting nodee1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e1“density elevates the initial fruiting node”
Claim · model-written summary
Density and MC show no antagonistic interaction in shaping cotton architecture.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- density and MCe2
- Outcome
- antagonistic interactione3
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e2“density and MC function complementarily in shaping plant architecture”
e3“with no antagonistic interaction between the two”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density improves the leaf area index of cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- increasing densitye4
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI)e4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e4“increasing density is the primary driver for improving the leaf area index (LAI)”
Claim · model-written summary
MC optimizes light distribution in the cotton canopy during the critical boll stage.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- critical boll stagee5
- Treatment
- MCe5
- Outcome
- light distributione5
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e5“MC optimizes light distribution during the critical boll stage”
Claim · model-written summary
High density significantly increases seed cotton yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- high densitye6
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde6
- Direction
- enhancese6
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e6“high density significantly enhances seed cotton yield by increasing the number of bolls per unit area”
Claim · model-written summary
High density increases the number of bolls per unit area.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- high densitye6
- Outcome
- number of bolls per unit areae6
- Direction
- increasinge6
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e6“high density significantly enhances seed cotton yield by increasing the number of bolls per unit area”
Claim · model-written summary
High density reduces the number of bolls per plant, which is overcompensated at the population level.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- high densitye6
- Outcome
- bolls per plante7
- Direction
- reductione7
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e6“high density significantly enhances seed cotton yield by increasing the number of bolls per unit area”
e7“which effectively overcompensates for the reduction in bolls per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
High MC dosage maximized the yield potential of high-density cotton populations in a dose-dependent synergistic effect.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- high MC dosagee7
- Outcome
- yield potential of high-density populationse7
- Direction
- maximizede7
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e7“high MC dosage maximized the yield potential of high-density populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Fiber quality of cotton remained stable across treatments, driven by interannual climate factors rather than agronomic regulation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- fiber qualitye7
- Direction
- remained stablee7
- Qualifier
- driven primarily by interannual climate factors rather than agronomic regulatione7
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e7“fiber quality remained stable across treatments, driven primarily by interannual climate factors rather than agronomic regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining high density with medium-to-high MC dosage is recommended for machine-harvestable cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- medium-to-high MC dosagee7
- Outcome
- combining high density to secure population yield with medium-to-high MC dosagee7
- Setting
- Yangtze River Basin, Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Synergistic Regulation of Planting Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Plant Architecture of Short-Season Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, China”
e7“an independent synergistic optimization strategy is recommended, combining high density to secure population yield with medium-to-high MC dosage”
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