Abstract
The use of 1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride (DPC) in Xinjiang is one of the necessary measures for regulating cotton populations and optimizing canopy structure. However, mechanical spraying involves operation and energy consumption, which can alternatively be achieved via drip application. In the present study, to investigate the effect of drip application, two types of hydrophobic nano-released DPCs were used to regulate plant type at different dosages. DPC dripingation reduced plant height by more than 10 cm and plant width by more than 4 cm, and the effect improved with increasing concentration and times. The main effect of height control was at the 6th–10th nodes of the main stem, and the effect of width control was observed at the 1st and 2nd nodes of the fruit branch. The SPAD value was higher than that in the control group during the initial stages. An irregular downward trend was observed in the subsequent stages. The proline content was higher than that of the control and increased with higher concentrations of DPC. There was no significant difference in the soil DPC content at the different sites. The DPC content decreased by more than 30% at the seventh day after dripping, and the content was 2–4 μg·g−1 in each treatment. At 15 days after application, the soil DPC was lower than 1 μg·g−1 in all treatments. The number of harvested plants was more than 150,000 plants·hm−2, and the number of bolls per plant increased at least by one, compared with the control. The final yield of seed cotton increased by at least 300 kg·hm−2, with a maximum increase of 1672.01 kg·hm−2. Considering the different types of DPCs, nano-released types worked better than the conventional type in terms of plant height, plant width, degradation in soil and boll formation. Nano-released DPC can play an even better role than conventional DPC in chemical regulation with drip irrigation.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
DPC drip application reduced cotton plant height by more than 10 cm.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- DPC dripingatione1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- more than 10 cme1
- Qualifier
- the effect improved with increasing concentration and timese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“DPC dripingation reduced plant height by more than 10 cm and plant width by more than 4 cm, and the effect improved with increasing concentration and times”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
DPC drip application reduced cotton plant width by more than 4 cm.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- DPC dripingatione1
- Outcome
- plant widthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- more than 4 cme1
- Qualifier
- the effect improved with increasing concentration and timese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“DPC dripingation reduced plant height by more than 10 cm and plant width by more than 4 cm, and the effect improved with increasing concentration and times”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
The main effect of height control in cotton was at the 6th–10th nodes of the main stem.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- 6th–10th nodes of the main steme2
- Outcome
- height controle2
- Qualifier
- main effecte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The main effect of height control was at the 6th–10th nodes of the main stem”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of width control in cotton was observed at the 1st and 2nd nodes of the fruit branch.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- 1st and 2nd nodes of the fruit branche3
- Outcome
- width controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the effect of width control was observed at the 1st and 2nd nodes of the fruit branch”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
DPC drip application raised the cotton SPAD value above the control during the initial stages.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- DPC dripingatione1
- Outcome
- SPAD valuee4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- during the initial stagese4
- Comparator
- control groupe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“DPC dripingation reduced plant height by more than 10 cm and plant width by more than 4 cm, and the effect improved with increasing concentration and times”
e4“The SPAD value was higher than that in the control group during the initial stages”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
The cotton SPAD value showed an irregular downward trend in the subsequent stages after DPC drip application.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- DPC dripingatione1
- Outcome
- SPAD valuee4
- Direction
- downwarde5
- Qualifier
- irregulare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“DPC dripingation reduced plant height by more than 10 cm and plant width by more than 4 cm, and the effect improved with increasing concentration and times”
e4“The SPAD value was higher than that in the control group during the initial stages”
e5“An irregular downward trend was observed in the subsequent stages”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
DPC drip application raised the cotton proline content above the control.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- DPC dripingatione1
- Outcome
- proline contente6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- the controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“DPC dripingation reduced plant height by more than 10 cm and plant width by more than 4 cm, and the effect improved with increasing concentration and times”
e6“The proline content was higher than that of the control”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton proline content increased with higher concentrations of DPC.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of DPCe7
- Outcome
- proline contente6
- Direction
- increasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The proline content was higher than that of the control”
e7“increased with higher concentrations of DPC”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no significant difference in soil DPC content among the sites.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- soil DPC contente2
- Qualifier
- at the different sitese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“There was no significant difference in the soil DPC content at the different sites”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil DPC content decreased by more than 30% at seven days after dripping.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Compound
- DPCe2
- Outcome
- DPC contente2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- more than 30%e2
- Qualifier
- at the seventh day after drippinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The DPC content decreased by more than 30% at the seventh day after dripping”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil DPC content was 2–4 μg·g−1 in each treatment seven days after dripping.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- DPC contente2
- Value
- 2–4 μg·g−1e3
- Qualifier
- in each treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The DPC content decreased by more than 30% at the seventh day after dripping”
e3“the content was 2–4 μg·g−1 in each treatment”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil DPC was lower than 1 μg·g−1 in all treatments at 15 days after application.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Compound
- DPCe2
- Outcome
- soil DPCe2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Value
- 1 μg·g−1e2
- Qualifier
- At 15 days after applicatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“At 15 days after application, the soil DPC was lower than 1 μg·g−1 in all treatments”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of harvested cotton plants was more than 150,000 plants·hm−2.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- number of harvested plantse2
- Value
- more than 150,000 plants·hm−2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The number of harvested plants was more than 150,000 plants·hm−2”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
DPC drip application increased the number of bolls per cotton plant by at least one compared with the control.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- DPC dripingatione1
- Outcome
- the number of bolls per plante3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- at least by onee3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“DPC dripingation reduced plant height by more than 10 cm and plant width by more than 4 cm, and the effect improved with increasing concentration and times”
e3“the number of bolls per plant increased at least by one, compared with the control”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
DPC drip application increased seed cotton yield by at least 300 kg·hm−2.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- DPC dripingatione1
- Outcome
- final yield of seed cottone2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 300 kg·hm−2e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“DPC dripingation reduced plant height by more than 10 cm and plant width by more than 4 cm, and the effect improved with increasing concentration and times”
e2“The final yield of seed cotton increased by at least 300 kg·hm−2”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum seed cotton yield increase under DPC drip application was 1672.01 kg·hm−2.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- DPC dripingatione1
- Outcome
- final yield of seed cottone2
- Direction
- maximum increasee3
- Value
- 1672.01 kg·hm−2e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“DPC dripingation reduced plant height by more than 10 cm and plant width by more than 4 cm, and the effect improved with increasing concentration and times”
e2“The final yield of seed cotton increased by at least 300 kg·hm−2”
e3“with a maximum increase of 1672.01 kg·hm−2”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-released DPC worked better than conventional DPC for cotton plant height, plant width and soil degradation.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nano-released typese2
- Outcome
- plant height, plant width, degradation in soile2
- Direction
- worked bettere2
- Comparator
- the conventional typee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“nano-released types worked better than the conventional type in terms of plant height, plant width, degradation in soil and boll formation”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-released DPC worked better than conventional DPC for cotton boll formation.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nano-released typese2
- Outcome
- boll formatione2
- Direction
- worked bettere2
- Comparator
- the conventional typee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“nano-released types worked better than the conventional type in terms of plant height, plant width, degradation in soil and boll formation”
t0“Cotton Agronomic Traits”
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