Abstract
ABSTRACT Paspalum distichum var. indutum is an invasive species problematic in South Korea, particularly in river basins. The study aimed to determine how soil moisture and nutrient conditions affect its growth. Experiments involved moderate moisture (T1), flooding (T2), flooding with nitrogen (T3), and flooding with nitrogen and phosphorus (T4). The research found that P. distichum var. indutum grew better under flooded conditions (T2–T4) compared to nonflooded conditions (T1), with the best growth observed in T4 due to increased plant height, root number, and stem thickness. Photosynthetic rate and aboveground biomass were highest when both nitrogen and phosphorus were present under flooded conditions. The presence of other plant species was greater in T1 and T2, indicating that as P. distichum var. indutum became more dominant, the diversity of other species declined. Vegetation indices calculated with hyperspectral reflectance were highest in T1 during the initial growth after transplanting. Among the vegetation indices, EVI, PSSRa, PSSRb, and PSSRc functionally assessed the growth status of P. distichum var. indutum under various growing conditions. P. distichum var. indutum requires flooding conditions for vigorous growth, and when nitrogen and phosphorus are sufficient, it grows more robustly than other plant species. Therefore, controlling the influx of nutrients is required to prevent the proliferation of this invasive species along this riverside.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
P. distichum var. indutum grew better under flooded conditions (T2-T4) than under nonflooded conditions (T1).
- Taxon
- P. distichum var. indutum
Paspalum distichum var. indutume0 - Treatment
- flooded conditions (T2–T4)e0
- Outcome
- grew bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- nonflooded conditions (T1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. distichum var. indutum grew better under flooded conditions (T2–T4) compared to nonflooded conditions (T1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The best growth was in T4 (flooding with nitrogen and phosphorus), with increased plant height, root number and stem thickness.
- Taxon
- Paspalum distichum var. indutumPaspalum distichum var. indutumt0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- plant height, root number, and stem thicknesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the best growth observed in T4 due to increased plant height, root number, and stem thickness”
t0“Paspalum distichum var. indutum”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic rate and aboveground biomass were highest when both nitrogen and phosphorus were present under flooded conditions.
- Taxon
- Paspalum distichum var. indutumPaspalum distichum var. indutumt0
- Treatment
- both nitrogen and phosphorus were present under flooded conditionse0
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic rate and aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic rate and aboveground biomass were highest when both nitrogen and phosphorus were present under flooded conditions”
t0“Paspalum distichum var. indutum”
Claim · model-written summary
The presence of other plant species was greater in T1 and T2, indicating that as P. distichum var. indutum became more dominant, the diversity of other species declined.
- Taxon
- Paspalum distichum var. indutumPaspalum distichum var. indutumt0
- Outcome
- presence of other plant speciese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- T1 and T2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of other plant species was greater in T1 and T2, indicating that as P. distichum var. indutum became more dominant, the diversity of other species declined”
t0“Paspalum distichum var. indutum”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetation indices from hyperspectral reflectance were highest in T1 during initial growth after transplanting.
- Taxon
- Paspalum distichum var. indutumPaspalum distichum var. indutumt0
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- Vegetation indicese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- during the initial growth after transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vegetation indices calculated with hyperspectral reflectance were highest in T1 during the initial growth after transplanting”
t0“Paspalum distichum var. indutum”
Claim · model-written summary
EVI, PSSRa, PSSRb and PSSRc functionally assessed the growth status of P. distichum var. indutum under various growing conditions.
- Taxon
- P. distichum var. indutumPaspalum distichum var. indutume0
- Outcome
- functionally assessed the growth statuse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EVI, PSSRa, PSSRb, and PSSRc functionally assessed the growth status of P. distichum var. indutum under various growing conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
P. distichum var. indutum requires flooding conditions for vigorous growth.
- Taxon
- P. distichum var. indutumPaspalum distichum var. indutume0
- Treatment
- flooding conditionse0
- Outcome
- vigorous growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. distichum var. indutum requires flooding conditions for vigorous growth”
Claim · model-written summary
When nitrogen and phosphorus are sufficient, P. distichum var. indutum grows more robustly than other plant species.
- Taxon
- Paspalum distichum var. indutumPaspalum distichum var. indutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and phosphorus are sufficiente0
- Outcome
- grows more robustlye0
- Direction
- more robustlye0
- Comparator
- other plant speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when nitrogen and phosphorus are sufficient, it grows more robustly than other plant species”
t0“Paspalum distichum var. indutum”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlling the influx of nutrients is required to prevent proliferation of this invasive species along the riverside.
- Taxon
- Paspalum distichum var. indutumPaspalum distichum var. indutumt0
- Outcome
- prevent the proliferation of this invasive speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlling the influx of nutrients is required to prevent the proliferation of this invasive species along this riverside”
t0“Paspalum distichum var. indutum”