Abstract
Climate change has intensified the frequency of simultaneous drought and heat stress, posing a major threat to cotton productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of 40 upland cotton genotypes at the seedling stage, an efficient phase for early stress screening. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment, with stress treatments (control, drought, heat, combined) replicated thrice. Twenty traits, including shoot/root length, biomass, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll pigments, proline, total soluble proteins, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX), and oxidative markers, were measured. Drought primarily reduced root traits and osmolytes; heat caused pigment and protein degradation. Combined stress (DHS) triggered compounded suppression in RWC, APX, Chl.a, and biomass, indicating synergistic cellular injury. Antioxidant activities were non-monotonic at peak stress, supporting the ROS-threshold ‘oxidative window’ model, stating that antioxidant activities did not increase monotonically at the highest stress intensity. Mean squares and standard deviations revealed significant genotype × stress interactions. Cluster analysis and dendrograms grouped genotypes into three distinct tolerance categories. Discriminant Function Analysis effectively separated genotypes based on multi-trait performance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified RWC, Chl.a, APX, and root dry weight as key discriminators of tolerance. These discriminators are consistent with genotypes that maintain ROS within an optimal signaling window, sustaining detox capacity (e.g., APX) and water/pigment status under DHS. Genotypes G2 (MNH-886), G10 (NIAB-545), and G14 (MNH-988) emerged as the most tolerant. Seedling-stage screening, coupled with a targeted multivariate panel, enables early selection of climate-resilient cotton under combined stress.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced root traits and osmolytes.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- root traits and osmolytese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought primarily reduced root traits and osmolytes”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat caused pigment and protein degradation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- heate0
- Outcome
- pigment and protein degradatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat caused pigment and protein degradation”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress suppressed RWC, APX and Chl.a.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Combined stress (DHS)e0
- Outcome
- RWC, APX, Chl.ae0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined stress (DHS) triggered compounded suppression in RWC, APX, Chl.a, and biomass”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress suppressed biomass.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Combined stress (DHS)e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined stress (DHS) triggered compounded suppression in RWC, APX, Chl.a, and biomass”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activities were non-monotonic at peak stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- Antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- non-monotonice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant activities were non-monotonic at peak stress”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype by stress interactions were significant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- genotypee0
- Outcome
- genotype × stress interactionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean squares and standard deviations revealed significant genotype × stress interactions”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster analysis separated genotypes into three tolerance categories.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- tolerance categoriese0
- Value
- threee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cluster analysis and dendrograms grouped genotypes into three distinct tolerance categories”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Discriminant Function Analysis separated genotypes by multi-trait performance.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- multi-trait performancee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Discriminant Function Analysis effectively separated genotypes based on multi-trait performance”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA identified RWC, Chl.a, APX and root dry weight as key tolerance discriminators.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- key discriminators of tolerancee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified RWC, Chl.a, APX, and root dry weight as key discriminators of tolerance”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
G2 (MNH-886) was among the most tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- G2 (MNH-886)e0
- Outcome
- most tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes G2 (MNH-886), G10 (NIAB-545), and G14 (MNH-988) emerged as the most tolerant”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
G10 (NIAB-545) was among the most tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- G10 (NIAB-545)e0
- Outcome
- most tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes G2 (MNH-886), G10 (NIAB-545), and G14 (MNH-988) emerged as the most tolerant”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
G14 (MNH-988) was among the most tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- G14 (MNH-988)e0
- Outcome
- most tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes G2 (MNH-886), G10 (NIAB-545), and G14 (MNH-988) emerged as the most tolerant”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend seedling-stage multivariate screening for early selection.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- early selection of climate-resilient cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling-stage screening, coupled with a targeted multivariate panel, enables early selection of climate-resilient cotton under combined stress”
The same questions in other papers
heat · physiology: pigments · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →drought · physiology: osmolytes · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.