Abstract
Plant activators enhance disease resistance by priming host immunity, offering a sustainable alternative or complement to conventional pesticides. To advance this field, we established a high-throughput screening platform based on activation of the rice WRKY45 promoter, a central regulator of disease resistance. From a library of 80,232 compounds, we identified five novel plant immune-priming compounds (PIPC1–5) that significantly enhanced resistance to rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae following seed or foliar application. These PIPCs showed no direct antifungal activity, indicating that they act through activation of host defense responses. The PIPCs also conferred broad-spectrum resistance to rice bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ), rice false smut ( Ustilaginoidea virens ), pepper spotted wilt (tomato spotted wilt virus), and downy mildew of Chinese cabbage ( Hyaloperonospora brassicae ). Notably, PIPCs lack the thiazole ring characteristic of classical salicylic acid (SA) pathway activators such as probenazole and benzothiadiazole, representing a novel chemical scaffold. Mechanistically, the PIPCs primed rice seedlings to establish immune memory by acting either upstream or downstream of SA synthesis, thereby accelerating defense gene induction upon subsequent pathogen challenge. These findings expand the repertoire of immune-priming agents for managing diverse and evolving crop pathogens. • Established a WRKY45 promoter-based high-throughput activator screening platform. • Identified five novel immune-priming compounds (PIPCs) from 80,232 candidates. • PIPCs confer broad-spectrum resistance across diverse crops and pathogens. • PIPCs enhance resistance by accelerating defense responses upon pathogen challenge.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
A rice WRKY45 promoter screening platform identified five immune-priming compounds from 80,232 compounds.
Not reportedGene
Verbatim
e0“From a library of 80,232 compounds, we identified five novel plant immune-priming compounds (PIPC1–5)”
Claim · model-written summary
PIPC1–5 significantly enhanced rice blast resistance after seed or foliar application.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- PIPC1–5e0
- Interactor
- Magnaporthe oryzae
Pyricularia oryzaee0pathogen - Outcome
- resistance to rice blaste0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- seed or foliar applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified five novel plant immune-priming compounds (PIPC1–5) that significantly enhanced resistance to rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae following seed or foliar application.”
Claim · model-written summary
The PIPCs showed no direct antifungal activity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“These PIPCs showed no direct antifungal activity, indicating that they act through activation of host defense responses.”
Claim · model-written summary
PIPCs conferred resistance to rice bacterial blight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PIPCse0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee0pathogen - Outcome
- resistance to rice bacterial blighte0
- Direction
- conferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PIPCs also conferred broad-spectrum resistance to rice bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ), rice false smut ( Ustilaginoidea virens ), pepper spotted wilt (tomato spotted wilt virus), and downy mildew of Chinese cabbage ( Hyaloperonospora brassicae ).”
Claim · model-written summary
PIPCs conferred resistance to rice false smut.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PIPCse0
- Interactor
- Ustilaginoidea virens
Ustilaginoidea virense0pathogen - Outcome
- rice false smute0
- Direction
- conferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PIPCs also conferred broad-spectrum resistance to rice bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ), rice false smut ( Ustilaginoidea virens ), pepper spotted wilt (tomato spotted wilt virus), and downy mildew of Chinese cabbage ( Hyaloperonospora brassicae ).”
Claim · model-written summary
PIPCs conferred resistance to pepper spotted wilt.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- PIPCse0
- Interactor
- tomato spotted wilt virus
Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee0pathogen - Outcome
- pepper spotted wilte0
- Direction
- conferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PIPCs also conferred broad-spectrum resistance to rice bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ), rice false smut ( Ustilaginoidea virens ), pepper spotted wilt (tomato spotted wilt virus), and downy mildew of Chinese cabbage ( Hyaloperonospora brassicae ).”
Claim · model-written summary
PIPCs conferred resistance to Chinese cabbage downy mildew.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0 - Treatment
- PIPCse0
- Interactor
- Hyaloperonospora brassicae
Hyaloperonospora brassicaee0pathogen - Outcome
- downy mildewe0
- Direction
- conferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PIPCs also conferred broad-spectrum resistance to rice bacterial blight ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ), rice false smut ( Ustilaginoidea virens ), pepper spotted wilt (tomato spotted wilt virus), and downy mildew of Chinese cabbage ( Hyaloperonospora brassicae ).”
Claim · model-written summary
PIPCs lacked the thiazole ring characteristic of classical SA pathway activators.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Notably, PIPCs lack the thiazole ring characteristic of classical salicylic acid (SA) pathway activators such as probenazole and benzothiadiazole, representing a novel chemical scaffold.”
Claim · model-written summary
PIPCs primed rice seedlings for immune memory and accelerated defense gene induction after pathogen challenge.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- PIPCse0
- Outcome
- defense gene inductione0
- Direction
- acceleratinge0
- Qualifier
- upstream or downstream of SA synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mechanistically, the PIPCs primed rice seedlings to establish immune memory by acting either upstream or downstream of SA synthesis, thereby accelerating defense gene induction upon subsequent pathogen challenge.”