Abstract
Soybeans are highly susceptible to drought stress, which significantly impairs their growth and yield. Silicon (Si) supplementation has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate drought-induced damage in plants. We investigated changes in the physiological and chloroplast proteomes in soybeans under drought stress, both with and without Si supplementation. Soybean plants were grown under controlled conditions and subjected to drought stress. The treatments included Si application (sodium silicate), sodium chloride control, and water control. Chloroplast proteins were extracted from control and Si-treated plants and analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Plants treated with Si showed improved drought tolerance, exhibiting reduced leaf rolling and wilting, while the control plants experienced significant wilting under drought conditions. Photosynthetic performance, measured by quantum efficiency of photosystem II and chlorophyll content, was better maintained in Si-supplemented plants under drought. However, stomatal conductance and transpiration were similarly reduced across all drought treatments. We detected 15 Si-responsive protein spots corresponding to 13 unique chloroplast proteins that were differentially expressed in response to Si supplementation. These identified proteins include those involved in photosynthesis, such as Rubisco activase isoforms, oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins, and PsbP domain-containing protein, as well as stress response proteins like dehydrin and 20 kDa chaperonin. Si treatment upregulated Rubisco activase isoforms, oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins, PsbP domain-containing protein, and 20 kDa chaperonin, which are typically reduced under drought. Si treatment maintained a higher glutamine synthetase level under drought stress. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that Si-modulated proteins are associated with photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism under drought stress. Our findings demonstrate that Si supplementation alleviates drought stress in soybean by preserving chloroplast function and enhancing the expression of photosynthetic proteins and enzymes, as well as key stress-responsive proteins. This research provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of Si-induced drought tolerance in soybeans and highlights potential targets for developing drought-resilient soybean cultivars.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced leaf rolling and wilting under drought.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- leaf rolling and wiltinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with Si showed improved drought tolerance, exhibiting reduced leaf rolling and wilting, while the control plants experienced significant wilting under drought conditions.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon better maintained photosystem II quantum efficiency and chlorophyll content under drought.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si-supplementede0
- Outcome
- quantum efficiency of photosystem II and chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- better maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic performance, measured by quantum efficiency of photosystem II and chlorophyll content, was better maintained in Si-supplemented plants under drought.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance and transpiration declined similarly across drought treatments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought treatmentse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance and transpiratione0
- Direction
- similarly reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, stomatal conductance and transpiration were similarly reduced across all drought treatments.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifteen silicon-responsive protein spots representing 13 chloroplast proteins were differentially expressed.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si supplementatione0
- Outcome
- Si-responsive protein spotse0
- Direction
- differentially expressede0
- Value
- 15e0
- Qualifier
- 13 unique chloroplast proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We detected 15 Si-responsive protein spots corresponding to 13 unique chloroplast proteins that were differentially expressed in response to Si supplementation.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon upregulated Rubisco activase isoforms under drought.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si treatmente0
- Gene
- Rubisco activase isoformse0
- Outcome
- Rubisco activase isoformse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si treatment upregulated Rubisco activase isoforms, oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins, PsbP domain-containing protein, and 20 kDa chaperonin, which are typically reduced under drought.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon upregulated oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins under drought.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si treatmente0
- Gene
- oxygen-evolving enhancer proteinse0
- Outcome
- oxygen-evolving enhancer proteinse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si treatment upregulated Rubisco activase isoforms, oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins, PsbP domain-containing protein, and 20 kDa chaperonin, which are typically reduced under drought.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon upregulated PsbP domain-containing protein under drought.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si treatmente0
- Gene
- PsbP domain-containing proteine0
- Outcome
- PsbP domain-containing proteine0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si treatment upregulated Rubisco activase isoforms, oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins, PsbP domain-containing protein, and 20 kDa chaperonin, which are typically reduced under drought.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon upregulated 20 kDa chaperonin under drought.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si treatmente0
- Gene
- 20 kDa chaperonine0
- Outcome
- 20 kDa chaperonine0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si treatment upregulated Rubisco activase isoforms, oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins, PsbP domain-containing protein, and 20 kDa chaperonin, which are typically reduced under drought.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon maintained a higher glutamine synthetase level under drought.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si treatmente0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetase levele0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si treatment maintained a higher glutamine synthetase level under drought stress.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-modulated proteins were associated with photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- Si-modulated proteinse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and nitrogen metabolisme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that Si-modulated proteins are associated with photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism under drought stress.”
t0“Soybean”
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