Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Plant‐parasitic nematodes (PPNs) pose a serious threat to global agricultural productivity. Most of the currently available nematicides have limitations in terms of efficacy and environmental safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new, highly effective and environmentally friendly nematicides. RESULTS A series of thiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized through a scaffold‐hopping strategy. Some of these compounds exhibited excellent nematicidal activity. Compound A1 displayed remarkable toxicity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , Aphelenchoides besseyi , and Meloidogyne incognita with median lethal concentration ( LC 50 ) values of 4.3, 1.9, and 6.2 mg/L, respectively, outperforming the commercial nematicide tioxazafen. Mechanistic studies revealed that compound A1 effectively inhibited nematode egg hatching, induced excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ), and caused vacuolization in nematode tissues. Pot experiments demonstrated that compound A1 not only reduced nematode invasion but also enhanced the root defense response of tomato plants. Moreover, compound A1 significantly inhibited succinate dehydrogenase ( SDH ) activity in M. incognita , suggesting that interference with mitochondrial energy metabolism may contribute to its nematicidal effect. CONCLUSION Thiazole‐based compound A1 can serve as an excellent lead compound from which new nematicides can be discovered through structural optimization in the future. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Compound A1 was toxic to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with an LC50 of 4.3 mg/L, outperforming the commercial nematicide tioxazafen.
- Taxon
- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Bursaphelenchus xylophiluse0 - Treatment
- Compound A1e0
- Outcome
- median lethal concentration ( LC 50 )e0
- Direction
- outperforminge0
- Value
- 4.3e0
- Comparator
- tioxazafene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compound A1 displayed remarkable toxicity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , Aphelenchoides besseyi , and Meloidogyne incognita with median lethal concentration ( LC 50 ) values of 4.3, 1.9, and 6.2 mg/L, respectively, outperforming the commercial nematicide tioxazafen”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound A1 was toxic to Aphelenchoides besseyi with an LC50 of 1.9 mg/L, outperforming the commercial nematicide tioxazafen.
- Taxon
- Aphelenchoides besseyi
Aphelenchoides besseyie0 - Treatment
- Compound A1e0
- Outcome
- median lethal concentration ( LC 50 )e0
- Direction
- outperforminge0
- Value
- 1.9e0
- Comparator
- tioxazafene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compound A1 displayed remarkable toxicity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , Aphelenchoides besseyi , and Meloidogyne incognita with median lethal concentration ( LC 50 ) values of 4.3, 1.9, and 6.2 mg/L, respectively, outperforming the commercial nematicide tioxazafen”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound A1 was toxic to Meloidogyne incognita with an LC50 of 6.2 mg/L, outperforming the commercial nematicide tioxazafen.
- Taxon
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0 - Treatment
- Compound A1e0
- Outcome
- median lethal concentration ( LC 50 )e0
- Direction
- outperforminge0
- Value
- 6.2e0
- Comparator
- tioxazafene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Compound A1 displayed remarkable toxicity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , Aphelenchoides besseyi , and Meloidogyne incognita with median lethal concentration ( LC 50 ) values of 4.3, 1.9, and 6.2 mg/L, respectively, outperforming the commercial nematicide tioxazafen”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound A1 inhibited nematode egg hatching.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“compound A1 effectively inhibited nematode egg hatching, induced excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ), and caused vacuolization in nematode tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound A1 induced excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species in nematodes.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“compound A1 effectively inhibited nematode egg hatching, induced excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ), and caused vacuolization in nematode tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound A1 caused vacuolization in nematode tissues.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“compound A1 effectively inhibited nematode egg hatching, induced excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ), and caused vacuolization in nematode tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
In pot experiments, compound A1 reduced nematode invasion of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- compound A1e0
- Outcome
- nematode invasione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- Pot experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot experiments demonstrated that compound A1 not only reduced nematode invasion but also enhanced the root defense response of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In pot experiments, compound A1 enhanced the root defense response of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- compound A1e0
- Outcome
- root defense responsee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Setting
- Pot experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot experiments demonstrated that compound A1 not only reduced nematode invasion but also enhanced the root defense response of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound A1 significantly inhibited succinate dehydrogenase activity in Meloidogyne incognita.
- Taxon
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0
- Treatment
- compound A1e0
- Outcome
- succinate dehydrogenase ( SDH ) activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compound A1 significantly inhibited succinate dehydrogenase ( SDH ) activity in M. incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that interference with mitochondrial energy metabolism may contribute to the nematicidal effect of compound A1 in M. incognita.
- Taxon
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0
- Outcome
- nematicidal effecte0
- Qualifier
- interference with mitochondrial energy metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compound A1 significantly inhibited succinate dehydrogenase ( SDH ) activity in M. incognita , suggesting that interference with mitochondrial energy metabolism may contribute to its nematicidal effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiazole-based compound A1 can serve as a lead compound from which new nematicides can be discovered through structural optimization.
- Outcome
- lead compounde0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“compound A1 can serve as an excellent lead compound from which new nematicides can be discovered through structural optimization”