Abstract
In modern intensive agricultural production of rice, optimizing seedlings through rice seedling factories to promote rice productivity is an urgent problem that needs to be solved or improved. Although it is known that light intensity and sowing density affect the growth of rice seedlings separately, their synergistic regulatory effects and potential physiological mechanisms have not been fully explored, especially in the specific context of plant factory cultivation. This study aims to develop a synergistic regulation scheme that enhances rice seedling vigor through the combined optimization of light intensity and sowing density. The experiment used 8 rice varieties and set a combination of 3 light intensities (LL: 70, LM: 210, LH: 350 µmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹) and 3 sowing densities (D2: 2, D3: 3, D4: 4 seeds cm–2) to systematically evaluate their effects on seedling growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant system, and nitrogen metabolism. The results showed that the combination treatment of LH (350 µmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹) light intensity and D2 (2 seeds cm–2) density could synergistically optimize seedling morphology (leaf age, number of green leaves, stem base width), promote dry matter accumulation (fresh weight above ground, dry weight above ground and underground), improve root morphology (total root length, root surface area, number of intersections), and simultaneously enhance photosynthetic performance (chlorophyll content), nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant capacity (SOD, POD, CAT). We determined leaf age as a key indicator for comprehensive evaluation of the synergistic effect of light density through grey relational analysis. Correlation analysis showed that leaf age was significantly positively correlated with soluble protein content (p < 0.01), while negatively correlated with white root number (p < 0.05), indicating that light intensity and sowing density synergistically optimize plant nitrogen metabolism and root morphology to form strong seedlings. Three-way ANOVA of variance further confirmed that leaf age is significantly regulated by all interactions between variety, light intensity, and density (p < 0.001), clarifying the synergistic effect of light density. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of membership functions and cluster analysis, ZLY819 and XZX45 were selected as the suitable varieties with the best comprehensive performance under LH-D2 optimization conditions. This study elucidated the physiological mechanism of light density synergistic regulation through multidimensional analysis, providing a theoretical basis and variety selection scheme for rice seedling cultivation in plant factories.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
LH-D2 optimized leaf age, green leaf number and stem base width.
- Taxon
- rice seedling
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- LH (350 µmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹) light intensity and D2 (2 seeds cm–2) densitye0
- Outcome
- leaf age, number of green leaves, stem base widthe0
- Direction
- optimizee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination treatment of LH (350 µmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹) light intensity and D2 (2 seeds cm–2) density could synergistically optimize seedling morphology (leaf age, number of green leaves, stem base width)”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
LH-D2 promoted aboveground fresh and dry weight and underground dry weight.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LH (350 µmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹) light intensity and D2 (2 seeds cm–2) densitye1
- Outcome
- fresh weight above ground, dry weight above ground and undergrounde0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote dry matter accumulation (fresh weight above ground, dry weight above ground and underground)”
e1“the combination treatment of LH (350 µmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹) light intensity and D2 (2 seeds cm–2) density”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
LH-D2 improved total root length, surface area and intersection number.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LH (350 µmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹) light intensity and D2 (2 seeds cm–2) densitye1
- Outcome
- total root length, root surface area, number of intersectionse0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improve root morphology (total root length, root surface area, number of intersections)”
e1“the combination treatment of LH (350 µmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹) light intensity and D2 (2 seeds cm–2) density”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
LH-D2 enhanced chlorophyll content, nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LH (350 µmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹) light intensity and D2 (2 seeds cm–2) densitye1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performance (chlorophyll content), nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhance photosynthetic performance (chlorophyll content), nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant capacity (SOD, POD, CAT)”
e1“the combination treatment of LH (350 µmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹) light intensity and D2 (2 seeds cm–2) density”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf age was a key indicator of the combined light-density effect.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- leaf age as a key indicatore0
- Comparator
- light densitye0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We determined leaf age as a key indicator for comprehensive evaluation of the synergistic effect of light density through grey relational analysis.”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf age correlated positively with soluble protein content.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingOryza sativat0
- Compound
- soluble proteine0
- Outcome
- leaf agee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf age was significantly positively correlated with soluble protein content (p < 0.01)”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf age correlated negatively with white root number.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- white roote0
- Outcome
- leaf agee1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively correlated with white root number (p < 0.05)”
e1“leaf age was significantly positively correlated with soluble protein content”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety, light and density interactions significantly regulated leaf age.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- light intensity, and densitye0
- Outcome
- leaf agee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf age is significantly regulated by all interactions between variety, light intensity, and density (p < 0.001)”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
ZLY819 was selected for best comprehensive performance under LH-D2.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingOryza sativat0
- Material
- ZLY819e0
- Outcome
- best comprehensive performancee0
- Qualifier
- LH-D2 optimization conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZLY819 and XZX45 were selected as the suitable varieties with the best comprehensive performance under LH-D2 optimization conditions.”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
XZX45 was selected for best comprehensive performance under LH-D2.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingOryza sativat0
- Material
- XZX45e0
- Outcome
- best comprehensive performancee0
- Qualifier
- LH-D2 optimization conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZLY819 and XZX45 were selected as the suitable varieties with the best comprehensive performance under LH-D2 optimization conditions.”
t0“rice seedling”
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