Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of ozone nanobubbles (O 3 -NB) as a foliar treatment to suppress cucumber powdery mildew was evaluated in a controlled bioassay under optimal and suboptimal relative humidity (RH) conditions. O 3 -NB solutions were generated at three concentrations (0.54 ± 0.08, 1.16 ± 0.23, and 2.08 ± 0.22 mg L -1 ) and compared with oxygen nanobubbles (O 2 -NB) and distilled water controls. In a 20-day growth chamber bioassay under three relative humidity conditions (≤40 %, 65-73 %, and ≥95 % RH), leaves treated with 0.5 mgL -1 O 3 -NB exhibited suppression of powdery mildew by approximately 20 ± 3.2 % and 33 ± 4.6 % compared to the control at moderate and low humidity. However, efficacy declined under high relative humidity (≥95 % RH). A 16-week hydroponic study confirmed that foliar application of O 3 -NB at 0.5-2 mg L -1 caused no adverse effects on cucumber growth, yield, or physical appearance. Although, efficacy was lower than typically reported for conventional fungicides, O 3 -NB offers a potentially safer, residue-free alternative for integrated pest management programs, particularly during withholding periods where chemical fungicides cannot be used.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves treated with 0.5 mg/L O3-NB showed about 20 ± 3.2% suppression of cucumber powdery mildew compared with control at 65-73% relative humidity.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- 0.5 mgL -1 O 3 -NBe1
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- powdery mildewe1
- Direction
- suppressione1
- Value
- 20 ± 3.2 %e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- 65-73 %e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated the efficacy of ozone nanobubbles (O 3 -NB) as a foliar treatment to suppress cucumber powdery mildew was evaluated in a controlled bioassay under optimal and suboptimal relative humidity (RH) conditions”
e1“In a 20-day growth chamber bioassay under three relative humidity conditions (≤40 %, 65-73 %, and ≥95 % RH), leaves treated with 0.5 mgL -1 O 3 -NB exhibited suppression of powdery mildew by approximately 20 ± 3.2 % and 33 ± 4.6 % compared to the control at moderate and low humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves treated with 0.5 mg/L O3-NB showed about 33 ± 4.6% suppression of cucumber powdery mildew compared with control at ≤40% relative humidity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mgL -1 O 3 -NBe1
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- powdery mildewe1
- Direction
- suppressione1
- Value
- 33 ± 4.6 %e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- ≤40 %e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated the efficacy of ozone nanobubbles (O 3 -NB) as a foliar treatment to suppress cucumber powdery mildew was evaluated in a controlled bioassay under optimal and suboptimal relative humidity (RH) conditions”
e1“In a 20-day growth chamber bioassay under three relative humidity conditions (≤40 %, 65-73 %, and ≥95 % RH), leaves treated with 0.5 mgL -1 O 3 -NB exhibited suppression of powdery mildew by approximately 20 ± 3.2 % and 33 ± 4.6 % compared to the control at moderate and low humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Efficacy of ozone nanobubbles against cucumber powdery mildew declined under high relative humidity (≥95% RH).
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- efficacye2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Setting
- high relative humidity (≥95 % RH)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated the efficacy of ozone nanobubbles (O 3 -NB) as a foliar treatment to suppress cucumber powdery mildew was evaluated in a controlled bioassay under optimal and suboptimal relative humidity (RH) conditions”
e2“However, efficacy declined under high relative humidity (≥95 % RH)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of O3-NB at 0.5-2 mg/L caused no adverse effects on cucumber growth, yield or appearance in a 16-week hydroponic study.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse3
- Treatment
- foliar application of O 3 -NB at 0.5-2 mg L -1e3
- Outcome
- growth, yield, or physical appearancee3
- Direction
- no adverse effectse3
- Setting
- hydroponice3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A 16-week hydroponic study confirmed that foliar application of O 3 -NB at 0.5-2 mg L -1 caused no adverse effects on cucumber growth, yield, or physical appearance”
Claim · model-written summary
Efficacy of ozone nanobubbles against powdery mildew was lower than typically reported for conventional fungicides.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- efficacye4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- conventional fungicidese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated the efficacy of ozone nanobubbles (O 3 -NB) as a foliar treatment to suppress cucumber powdery mildew was evaluated in a controlled bioassay under optimal and suboptimal relative humidity (RH) conditions”
e4“Although, efficacy was lower than typically reported for conventional fungicides, O 3 -NB offers a potentially safer, residue-free alternative for integrated pest management programs, particularly during withholding periods where chemical fungicides cannot be used”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone nanobubbles are suggested as a residue-free alternative for integrated pest management in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- residue-free alternative for integrated pest management programse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated the efficacy of ozone nanobubbles (O 3 -NB) as a foliar treatment to suppress cucumber powdery mildew was evaluated in a controlled bioassay under optimal and suboptimal relative humidity (RH) conditions”
e4“Although, efficacy was lower than typically reported for conventional fungicides, O 3 -NB offers a potentially safer, residue-free alternative for integrated pest management programs, particularly during withholding periods where chemical fungicides cannot be used”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.