Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase) plays a pivotal role in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. To elucidate the characteristics of the GSK family in Glycine max, this study employed whole-genome data combined with bioinformatic and gene expression analyses to investigate the gene structure, chromosomal localization, collinearity, phylogenetic evolution, promoter cis-elements and differential gene expression analysis. Additionally, the expression patterns of GmGSK genes under manganese (Mn) stress and their associated phenotypic alterations were analyzed. A total of 22 GmGSK family members were identified, all harboring the characteristic GSK kinase domain. These members are distributed across 16 chromosomes, encoding proteins ranging from 380 to 802 amino acids (aa) in length. Phylogenetic analysis classified the GmGSK family into four evolutionary clades, consistent with patterns observed in Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa. Members within the same clade share identical exon-intron structures and conserved motifs. Collinearity analysis revealed that segmental duplication events have been crucial in the functional expansion of the GmGSK family through intraspecific collinearity. In recent years, alongside industrial development and fertilizer imbalance, the effective manganese concentration in agricultural soils has risen abnormally in some regions of China, leading to toxic effects on crops. Soybean, an oilseed crop relatively sensitive to manganese, has been adversely impacted. Clarifying the response mechanisms of soybean seedlings to manganese stress is therefore of significant importance for improving both yield and quality. Manganese stress treatment induced significant up-/down-regulation of specific GmGSK members in soybean, concomitant with pronounced inhibition of root elongation and leaf growth. This study provides a theoretical framework for deciphering the molecular regulatory mechanisms by which the GmGSK gene family mediates plant responses to Mn stress, offers insights into soybean Mn tolerance mechanisms, and establishes a foundation for genetic improvement of Mn-tolerant traits in crops.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
22 GmGSK family members were identified in soybean, all with the GSK kinase domain.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxt0 - Gene
- GmGSKe0
- Outcome
- GmGSK family members were identifiede0
- Value
- 22e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Glycine max”
e0“A total of 22 GmGSK family members were identified, all harboring the characteristic GSK kinase domain”
Claim · model-written summary
The GmGSK members are distributed across 16 chromosomes.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- distributed across 16 chromosomese0
Not reportedGene
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Glycine max”
e0“distributed across 16 chromosomes”
Claim · model-written summary
The GmGSK proteins range from 380 to 802 amino acids in length.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- proteinse0
- Value
- 380 to 802 amino acids (aa)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Glycine max”
e0“encoding proteins ranging from 380 to 802 amino acids (aa) in length”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic analysis classified the GmGSK family into four clades, consistent with Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GmGSKe0
- Outcome
- four evolutionary cladese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Glycine max”
e0“Phylogenetic analysis classified the GmGSK family into four evolutionary clades, consistent with patterns observed in Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Members within the same clade share identical exon-intron structures and conserved motifs.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- identical exon-intron structures and conserved motifse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Glycine max”
e0“Members within the same clade share identical exon-intron structures and conserved motifs”
Claim · model-written summary
Collinearity analysis indicated that segmental duplication events were crucial in the functional expansion of the GmGSK family.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GmGSKe0
- Outcome
- functional expansion of the GmGSK familye0
- Qualifier
- segmental duplication eventse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Glycine max”
e0“Collinearity analysis revealed that segmental duplication events have been crucial in the functional expansion of the GmGSK family through intraspecific collinearity”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese stress significantly up- and down-regulated specific GmGSK members in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Manganese stress treatmente0
- Gene
- GmGSKe0
- Outcome
- up-/down-regulation of specific GmGSK memberse0
- Direction
- up-/down-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese stress treatment induced significant up-/down-regulation of specific GmGSK members in soybean, concomitant with pronounced inhibition of root elongation and leaf growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese stress pronouncedly inhibited root elongation and leaf growth in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Manganese stress treatmente0
- Outcome
- root elongation and leaf growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese stress treatment induced significant up-/down-regulation of specific GmGSK members in soybean, concomitant with pronounced inhibition of root elongation and leaf growth”
The same questions in other papers
manganese atom · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
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- positive
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