Abstract
Boron is an essential trace element for sustaining normal growth and development in cotton. Appropriate boron application promotes fiber length, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. To explore this, a soil column experiment with three boron fertilizer rates (0 kg B ha −1 , as a control; 2.3 kg B ha −1 , optimal boron quantity; 4.6 kg B ha −1 , boron excess) was conducted. Results indicated that compared with the control, optimal boron application increased the maximum fiber elongation velocity, thereby promoting fiber elongation. More specifically, optimal boron application enhanced cellulose synthase (CesA) activity as well as the expression of GhCesA3/6 , GhGAUT1/8/10 , and GhXXT1/2 , which facilitated the biosynthesis of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose in the primary cell wall, respectively, thereby promoting fiber elongation. Meanwhile, optimal boron application increased the accumulation of sucrose, hexose, and K + , consequently promoting cell turgor pressure and fiber elongation. Moreover, optimal boron application augmented exo-β-1,4-glucanase activity to accelerate cellulose hydrolysis, increased pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and GhPME1/2 expression to promote pectin de-esterification, and upregulated GhXTH6/7/8 expression to mediate hemicellulose cleavage during the process of primary cell wall loosening and remodeling. Simultaneously, optimal boron application upregulated the expression of GhEXPA1/2/4 encoding expansins. These changes facilitated fiber primary cell wall loosening and remodeling to promote fiber length. This study is the first to uncover the physiological mechanisms of boron regulating fiber length, laying a foundation for efficient boron utilization in cotton production. • Boron promoted fiber length by increasing the maximum fiber elongation velocity. • Boron enhanced the biosynthesis of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose in fibers. • Boron increased sucrose, hexose, and K + accumulation in cotton fibers. • Boron facilitated fiber cell wall loosening and remodeling to promote fiber length.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal boron increased maximum cotton fiber elongation velocity relative to control.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- optimal boron applicatione0
- Outcome
- maximum fiber elongation velocitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with the control, optimal boron application increased the maximum fiber elongation velocity, thereby promoting fiber elongation”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal boron enhanced CesA activity and GhCesA3/6 expression.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- optimal boron applicatione0
- Gene
- GhCesA3/6e0
- Outcome
- cellulose synthase (CesA) activity as well as the expression of GhCesA3/6e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal boron application enhanced cellulose synthase (CesA) activity as well as the expression of GhCesA3/6”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal boron enhanced GhGAUT1/8/10 and GhXXT1/2 expression.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- optimal boron applicatione0
- Gene
- GhGAUT1/8/10e0
- Outcome
- expression of GhCesA3/6 , GhGAUT1/8/10 , and GhXXT1/2e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal boron application enhanced cellulose synthase (CesA) activity as well as the expression of GhCesA3/6 , GhGAUT1/8/10 , and GhXXT1/2”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal boron promoted biosynthesis of cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose in the primary cell wall.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- fiber elongatione0
- Qualifier
- biosynthesis of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose in the primary cell walle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“facilitated the biosynthesis of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose in the primary cell wall, respectively, thereby promoting fiber elongation”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal boron increased sucrose, hexose and K + accumulation in cotton fibers.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- optimal boron applicatione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of sucrose, hexose, and K +e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal boron application increased the accumulation of sucrose, hexose, and K +”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulation of sucrose, hexose and K + promoted turgor pressure and fiber elongation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Compound
- sucrose, hexose, and K +e0
- Outcome
- cell turgor pressure and fiber elongatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the accumulation of sucrose, hexose, and K + , consequently promoting cell turgor pressure and fiber elongation”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal boron augmented exo-β-1,4-glucanase activity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- optimal boron applicatione0
- Gene
- exo-β-1,4-glucanasee0
- Outcome
- exo-β-1,4-glucanase activitye0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal boron application augmented exo-β-1,4-glucanase activity”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal boron increased PME activity and GhPME1/2 expression.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- boront1
- Gene
- GhPME1/2e0
- Outcome
- pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and GhPME1/2 expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and GhPME1/2 expression”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
t1“Appropriate boron application”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal boron upregulated GhXTH6/7/8 expression.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- optimal boron applicatione1
- Gene
- GhXTH6/7/8e0
- Outcome
- GhXTH6/7/8 expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated GhXTH6/7/8 expression”
e1“optimal boron application augmented exo-β-1,4-glucanase activity”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal boron upregulated GhEXPA1/2/4 expression.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- optimal boron applicatione0
- Gene
- GhEXPA1/2/4e0
- Outcome
- expression of GhEXPA1/2/4e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal boron application upregulated the expression of GhEXPA1/2/4”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
The reported changes facilitated primary cell wall loosening and remodeling to promote fiber length.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- fiber lengthe0
- Qualifier
- fiber primary cell wall loosening and remodelinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These changes facilitated fiber primary cell wall loosening and remodeling to promote fiber length.”
t0“cotton fiber elongation”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →boron atom · molecular: metabolites · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.