Abstract
Understanding the changes in the bacterial ecosystem during anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) could provide clearer insight into how moisture content and additives affect the fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was harvested at the budding stage, with moisture contents of 78, 68, and 58%. The treatments included a control (CK), commercial Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (CL), screened L. plantarum (LP, 1 × 10 6 cfu/g FW), and propionic acid (P, 6 mL/kg FW). The results showed that the addition of CL, LP, and P significantly reduced pH and NH 3 -N content and decreased the relative abundance of Enterococcus at moisture contents of 78 and 68%. These treatments also increased LA and dry matter (DM) content and decreased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus . The addition of CL and LP significantly reduced pH, NH 3 -N content, and the relative abundance of Enterococcus , while increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus at a moisture content of 58%. Functional prediction analysis suggested that additives improved metabolism functions in alfalfa silage. Carbohydrate metabolism, specifically starch and sucrose metabolism, accounted for the highest proportion in the LP treatment group. Lactobacillus and Sphingomonas were negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with LA and Flieg’s score, whereas Enterococcus , Weissella , Leuconostoc , and Enterobacter were positively correlated with pH. In conclusion, the absence of wilting was not conducive to the anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa. Appropriately reducing the moisture content was beneficial for enhancing the effectiveness of additives in promoting alfalfa fermentation.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus plantarum and propionic acid additives significantly reduced pH and NH3-N content at moisture contents of 78 and 68% in alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- addition of CL, LP, and Pe1
- Outcome
- pH and NH 3 -N contente1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- at moisture contents of 78 and 68%e1
- Comparator
- control (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e1“the addition of CL, LP, and P significantly reduced pH and NH 3 -N content and decreased the relative abundance of Enterococcus at moisture contents of 78 and 68%”
e2“The treatments included a control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus plantarum and propionic acid additives decreased the relative abundance of Enterococcus at moisture contents of 78 and 68% in alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- addition of CL, LP, and Pe1
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Enterococcuse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- at moisture contents of 78 and 68%e1
- Comparator
- control (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e1“the addition of CL, LP, and P significantly reduced pH and NH 3 -N content and decreased the relative abundance of Enterococcus at moisture contents of 78 and 68%”
e2“The treatments included a control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus plantarum and propionic acid additives increased LA and dry matter content in alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- These treatmentse3
- Outcome
- LA and dry matter (DM) contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- control (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“The treatments included a control (CK)”
e3“These treatments also increased LA and dry matter (DM) content and decreased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus plantarum and propionic acid additives decreased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- These treatmentse3
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Lactobacilluse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Comparator
- control (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e2“The treatments included a control (CK)”
e3“These treatments also increased LA and dry matter (DM) content and decreased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus plantarum and commercial L. plantarum additives significantly reduced pH and NH3-N content at a moisture content of 58% in alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- addition of CL and LPe4
- Outcome
- pH, NH 3 -N contente4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- at a moisture content of 58%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e4“The addition of CL and LP significantly reduced pH, NH 3 -N content, and the relative abundance of Enterococcus , while increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus at a moisture content of 58%”
Claim · model-written summary
The addition of CL and LP decreased the relative abundance of Enterococcus at a moisture content of 58% in alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- addition of CL and LPe4
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Enterococcuse4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- at a moisture content of 58%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e4“The addition of CL and LP significantly reduced pH, NH 3 -N content, and the relative abundance of Enterococcus , while increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus at a moisture content of 58%”
Claim · model-written summary
The addition of CL and LP increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus at a moisture content of 58% in alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- addition of CL and LPe4
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Lactobacilluse4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Qualifier
- at a moisture content of 58%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e4“The addition of CL and LP significantly reduced pH, NH 3 -N content, and the relative abundance of Enterococcus , while increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus at a moisture content of 58%”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus and Sphingomonas were negatively correlated with pH in alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- Lactobacillus
Lactobacilluse5other - Second interactor
- Sphingomonas
Sphingomonase5other - Outcome
- pHe5
- Direction
- negatively correlatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e5“Lactobacillus and Sphingomonas were negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with LA and Flieg’s score”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactobacillus and Sphingomonas were positively correlated with LA and Flieg’s score in alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- LactobacillusLactobacilluse5other
- Second interactor
- SphingomonasSphingomonase5other
- Outcome
- LA and Flieg’s scoree5
- Direction
- positively correlatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e5“Lactobacillus and Sphingomonas were negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with LA and Flieg’s score”
Claim · model-written summary
Enterococcus and Weissella were positively correlated with pH in alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- Enterococcus
Enterococcuse6other - Outcome
- pHe6
- Direction
- positively correlatede6
- Qualifier
- Leuconostoc , and Enterobactere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e6“Enterococcus , Weissella , Leuconostoc , and Enterobacter were positively correlated with pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch and sucrose metabolism accounted for the highest proportion of carbohydrate metabolism in the LP treatment group of alfalfa silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- LP treatment groupe7
- Outcome
- starch and sucrose metabolisme7
- Direction
- higheste7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e7“Carbohydrate metabolism, specifically starch and sucrose metabolism, accounted for the highest proportion in the LP treatment group”
Claim · model-written summary
The absence of wilting was not conducive to anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- absence of wiltinge1
- Outcome
- anaerobic fermentatione1
- Direction
- not conducivee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e1“the absence of wilting was not conducive to the anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing the moisture content of alfalfa before ensiling is recommended to enhance the effectiveness of additives in promoting fermentation.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- reducing the moisture contente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e1“Appropriately reducing the moisture content was beneficial for enhancing the effectiveness of additives in promoting alfalfa fermentation”
The same questions in other papers
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum · soil: chemistry · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.