Abstract
Seed germination and seedlings establishment in postmining sights is of great importance for early succession and restoration patterns. Several of early colonizers are tree species, but they could be very important elements of early succssions and influence dynamic of early revegetation in disturbed areas. Spontaneous colonization of mining spoils is difficult due to extremely difficult condition such as extremely low or high pH, mineral soil, low water capacity and nutrient deficiency. Besides this, increased concentration and solubility of toxic metals in mining areas could be the most limiting factor for plant establishment. We analyzed parameters of seed germination and seedling growth of early successional tree species: Ailanthus altissima, Acer negundo, Pinus silvestris, Picea abies in several experimental systems with three different concentration of toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) to assess influence of metal toxicity in early phase of plant development. Lead in applied concentrations did not affect significantly the seed germination percentage in Ailanthus altissima and Acer negundo while cadmium in highest concentrations caused reduction of the percentage germination in both species. Analysis of the parameters of early seedling development indicates the most pronounced toxic effects of cadmium. In Ailanthus altissima Zn treatments have caused a reduction in seed germination parameters. Considering the hypocotyl and radicle length, there was no inhibition, but high concentrations of Zn cause an inhibition of the root growth and repress development of assimilating organs. The spruce and Scot pine seeds showed significant tolerance to presence of all metals, but germination percentage depended on metal and its concentrations.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Lead did not significantly affect germination in Ailanthus altissima.
- Taxon
- Ailanthus altissima
.jpg?width=60)
Ailanthus altissimuse0 - Treatment
- Leade0
- Outcome
- seed germination percentagee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Lead in applied concentrations did not affect significantly the seed germination percentage in Ailanthus altissima and Acer negundo”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead did not significantly affect germination in Acer negundo.
- Taxon
- Acer negundo
Acer negundoe0 - Treatment
- Leade0
- Outcome
- seed germination percentagee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lead in applied concentrations did not affect significantly the seed germination percentage in Ailanthus altissima and Acer negundo”
Claim · model-written summary
High cadmium reduced germination in both Ailanthus and Acer.
- Taxon
- early successional tree speciest0
- Treatment
- cadmium in highest concentrationse0
- Outcome
- percentage germinatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“cadmium in highest concentrations caused reduction of the percentage germination in both species.”
t0“early successional tree species”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium had the most pronounced toxic effect on early seedling development.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of the parameters of early seedling development indicates the most pronounced toxic effects of cadmium.”
t0“early successional tree species”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc reduced Ailanthus seed germination parameters.
- Taxon
- Ailanthus altissimaAilanthus altissimuse0
- Treatment
- Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seed germination parameterse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Ailanthus altissima Zn treatments have caused a reduction in seed germination parameters.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc did not inhibit hypocotyl and radicle length.
Verbatim
e0“Considering the hypocotyl and radicle length, there was no inhibition”
t0“early successional tree species”
Claim · model-written summary
High zinc inhibited root growth and assimilating organ development.
- Taxon
- early successional tree speciest0
- Treatment
- high concentrations of Zne0
- Outcome
- root growth and repress development of assimilating organse0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“high concentrations of Zn cause an inhibition of the root growth and repress development of assimilating organs.”
t0“early successional tree species”
Claim · model-written summary
Spruce and Scots pine seeds tolerated all metals significantly.
Verbatim
e0“The spruce and Scot pine seeds showed significant tolerance to presence of all metals”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination percentage depended on metal identity and concentration.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“germination percentage depended on metal and its concentrations.”
The same questions in other papers
lead atom · growth · Ailanthus altissimus (tree-of-heaven)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
zinc atom · growth · Ailanthus altissimus (tree-of-heaven)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.