Abstract
Mating disruption is an alternative control tactic that prevents male insects from finding females, resulting in lower pest density and less crop damage. However, the relatively high cost of mating disruption compared to the conventional chemical control may be an impediment to its adoption by growers worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014. Experimental orchards consisted of semi-dwarf 'Gala' and 'Fuji' apple cultivars. Codling moth populations, the number of insecticide applications and management costs varied between cultivars and years. When averaged over cultivars, mating disruption decreased the total number of sprays for apple pest complex by 40.70% and 56.60% in 2013 and 2014, respectively. All control costs related to the number of insecticide sprays, the application of pheromone dispensers, labour, machinery, fuel and other pheromone-based expenses such as pest monitoring were analyzed. Based on partial budgeting analysis, mating disruption treatments lowered insecticide and machinery costs but increased labour costs compared with conventional treatments. The cost of mating disruption ranged from $ 193.70 higher than the conventional treatment in cv. 'Gala' in 2013 to $ 96.00 less than the conventional treatment in cv. 'Fuji' in 2014. A break-even analysis showed that a price decrease of 22.22% and 70.37% for pheromone dispensers would be required to convince growers to use mating disruption in cvs. 'Gala' and 'Fuji' in 2013, respectively. However, the cost of mating disruption programme was similar or less than a conventional insecticide programme in 2014. The reduction of initial pest density, as well as the improvement of biological control, could lead to the development of more cost-effective and efficacious mating disruption programmes in subsequent years.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Averaged over cultivars, mating disruption decreased the total number of sprays for the apple pest complex by 40.70% in 2013.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- mating disruptione0
- Outcome
- total number of sprays for apple pest complexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 40.70%e0
- Qualifier
- When averaged over cultivarse0
- Setting
- Turkeye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When averaged over cultivars, mating disruption decreased the total number of sprays for apple pest complex by 40.70% and 56.60% in 2013 and 2014, respectively”
e1“this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Averaged over cultivars, mating disruption decreased the total number of sprays for the apple pest complex by 56.60% in 2014.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- mating disruptione0
- Outcome
- total number of sprays for apple pest complexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 56.60%e0
- Qualifier
- When averaged over cultivarse0
- Setting
- Turkeye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When averaged over cultivars, mating disruption decreased the total number of sprays for apple pest complex by 40.70% and 56.60% in 2013 and 2014, respectively”
e1“this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Mating disruption lowered insecticide and machinery costs compared with conventional treatments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- mating disruption treatmentse2
- Outcome
- insecticide and machinery costse2
- Direction
- lowerede2
- Comparator
- conventional treatmentse2
- Setting
- Turkeye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014”
e2“mating disruption treatments lowered insecticide and machinery costs but increased labour costs compared with conventional treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Mating disruption increased labour costs compared with conventional treatments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- mating disruption treatmentse2
- Outcome
- labour costse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- conventional treatmentse2
- Setting
- Turkeye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014”
e2“mating disruption treatments lowered insecticide and machinery costs but increased labour costs compared with conventional treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The cost of mating disruption was $ 193.70 higher than the conventional treatment in cv. 'Gala' in 2013.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Galae3
- Treatment
- mating disruptione3
- Outcome
- The cost of mating disruptione3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- $ 193.70e3
- Comparator
- the conventional treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014”
e3“The cost of mating disruption ranged from $ 193.70 higher than the conventional treatment in cv. 'Gala' in 2013 to $ 96.00 less than the conventional treatment in cv. 'Fuji' in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
The cost of mating disruption was $ 96.00 less than the conventional treatment in cv. 'Fuji' in 2014.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Fujie3
- Treatment
- mating disruptione3
- Outcome
- The cost of mating disruptione3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Value
- $ 96.00e3
- Comparator
- the conventional treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014”
e3“The cost of mating disruption ranged from $ 193.70 higher than the conventional treatment in cv. 'Gala' in 2013 to $ 96.00 less than the conventional treatment in cv. 'Fuji' in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
A price decrease of 22.22% for pheromone dispensers would be required to convince growers to use mating disruption in cv. 'Gala' in 2013.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Galae4
- Treatment
- mating disruptione4
- Outcome
- price decreasee4
- Value
- 22.22%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014”
e4“A break-even analysis showed that a price decrease of 22.22% and 70.37% for pheromone dispensers would be required to convince growers to use mating disruption in cvs. 'Gala' and 'Fuji' in 2013, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A price decrease of 70.37% for pheromone dispensers would be required to convince growers to use mating disruption in cv. 'Fuji' in 2013.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Fujie4
- Treatment
- mating disruptione4
- Outcome
- price decreasee4
- Value
- 70.37%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014”
e4“A break-even analysis showed that a price decrease of 22.22% and 70.37% for pheromone dispensers would be required to convince growers to use mating disruption in cvs. 'Gala' and 'Fuji' in 2013, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The cost of the mating disruption programme was similar to or less than a conventional insecticide programme in 2014.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- mating disruption programmee5
- Outcome
- the cost of mating disruption programmee5
- Direction
- similar or lesse5
- Comparator
- conventional insecticide programmee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014”
e5“However, the cost of mating disruption programme was similar or less than a conventional insecticide programme in 2014”
Claim · model-written summary
Codling moth populations, insecticide applications and management costs varied between cultivars and years.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- codling moth
Cydia pomonellae1pest - Outcome
- Codling moth populationse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“this study aimed at comparing the costs of mating disruption with insecticides for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in apple orchards in Turkey in 2013 and 2014”
e6“Codling moth populations, the number of insecticide applications and management costs varied between cultivars and years”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.