Abstract
Abstract Mobilizing legacy phosphorus (P) in greenhouse soils offers a strategy to alleviate P limitation and enhance crop productivity. This study applied biochar- Bacillus consortium as a bio-organic soil amendment. By altering the soil bacterial community, it improved P availability and plant P uptake, promoted root and inflorescence development, and ultimately increased cherry tomato yield. Specifically, soil application of biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM) significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus by 10.16%, microbial biomass phosphorus by 174.76%, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 68.52% in the rhizosphere relative to the control (CK). This enhancement in P bioavailability was significantly correlated with shifts in the soil bacterial community. Compared to treatments with biochar alone (B) or Bacillus liquid culture (M) alone, the enhanced P availability promoted plant P uptake and improved root architecture, as reflected by significant increases in root length, surface area, volume, and tip number. In addition, the improvement of inflorescence development was reflected in a substantial increase in the proportion of effective fruit branches, thereby contributing to a significant yield enhancement of 23.53%. Collectively, this work demonstrates that amending soils with a biochar- Bacillus consortium effectively enhances P bioavailability and cherry tomato productivity, thus emphasizing its potential for sustainable intensification in controlled agricultural systems. Graphical Abstract
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar-Bacillus consortium significantly enhanced rhizosphere soil available phosphorus by 10.16% relative to the control
- Taxon
- cherry tomato
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0 - Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM)e0
- Outcome
- soil available phosphoruse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 10.16%e0
- Comparator
- control (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“greenhouse cherry tomato”
e0“soil application of biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM) significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus by 10.16%, microbial biomass phosphorus by 174.76%, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 68.52% in the rhizosphere relative to the control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar-Bacillus consortium significantly enhanced rhizosphere microbial biomass phosphorus by 174.76% relative to the control
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM)e0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass phosphoruse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 174.76%e0
- Comparator
- control (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“greenhouse cherry tomato”
e0“soil application of biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM) significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus by 10.16%, microbial biomass phosphorus by 174.76%, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 68.52% in the rhizosphere relative to the control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar-Bacillus consortium significantly enhanced rhizosphere alkaline phosphatase activity by 68.52% relative to the control
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM)e0
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 68.52%e0
- Comparator
- control (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“greenhouse cherry tomato”
e0“soil application of biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM) significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus by 10.16%, microbial biomass phosphorus by 174.76%, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 68.52% in the rhizosphere relative to the control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
P bioavailability was significantly correlated with shifts in the soil bacterial community
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Interactor
- soil bacterial communitye1symbiont
- Outcome
- P bioavailabilitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“greenhouse cherry tomato”
e1“This enhancement in P bioavailability was significantly correlated with shifts in the soil bacterial community”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar-Bacillus consortium promoted plant P uptake compared with biochar alone or Bacillus liquid culture alone
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM)e0
- Outcome
- plant P uptakee2
- Direction
- promotede2
- Comparator
- biochar alone (B) or Bacillus liquid culture (M) alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“greenhouse cherry tomato”
e0“soil application of biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM) significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus by 10.16%, microbial biomass phosphorus by 174.76%, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 68.52% in the rhizosphere relative to the control (CK)”
e2“Compared to treatments with biochar alone (B) or Bacillus liquid culture (M) alone, the enhanced P availability promoted plant P uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar-Bacillus consortium significantly increased root length, surface area and volume compared with biochar alone or Bacillus liquid culture alone
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM)e0
- Outcome
- root length, surface area, volumee3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Comparator
- biochar alone (B) or Bacillus liquid culture (M) alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“greenhouse cherry tomato”
e0“soil application of biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM) significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus by 10.16%, microbial biomass phosphorus by 174.76%, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 68.52% in the rhizosphere relative to the control (CK)”
e2“Compared to treatments with biochar alone (B) or Bacillus liquid culture (M) alone, the enhanced P availability promoted plant P uptake”
e3“as reflected by significant increases in root length, surface area, volume, and tip number”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar-Bacillus consortium significantly increased root tip number compared with biochar alone or Bacillus liquid culture alone
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM)e0
- Outcome
- tip numbere3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Comparator
- biochar alone (B) or Bacillus liquid culture (M) alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“greenhouse cherry tomato”
e0“soil application of biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM) significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus by 10.16%, microbial biomass phosphorus by 174.76%, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 68.52% in the rhizosphere relative to the control (CK)”
e2“Compared to treatments with biochar alone (B) or Bacillus liquid culture (M) alone, the enhanced P availability promoted plant P uptake”
e3“as reflected by significant increases in root length, surface area, volume, and tip number”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar-Bacillus consortium substantially increased the proportion of effective fruit branches, reflecting improved inflorescence development
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Organ / stage
- inflorescencee4
- Treatment
- biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM)e0
- Outcome
- proportion of effective fruit branchese4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Comparator
- biochar alone (B) or Bacillus liquid culture (M) alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“greenhouse cherry tomato”
e0“soil application of biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM) significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus by 10.16%, microbial biomass phosphorus by 174.76%, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 68.52% in the rhizosphere relative to the control (CK)”
e2“Compared to treatments with biochar alone (B) or Bacillus liquid culture (M) alone, the enhanced P availability promoted plant P uptake”
e4“the improvement of inflorescence development was reflected in a substantial increase in the proportion of effective fruit branches”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar-Bacillus consortium significantly enhanced cherry tomato yield by 23.53%
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM)e0
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- enhancemente5
- Value
- 23.53%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“greenhouse cherry tomato”
e0“soil application of biochar- Bacillus consortium (BM) significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus by 10.16%, microbial biomass phosphorus by 174.76%, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 68.52% in the rhizosphere relative to the control (CK)”
e5“thereby contributing to a significant yield enhancement of 23.53%”
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