Abstract
Abstract Background Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the major diseases threatening hot pepper, Capsicum annuum , and results in devastating losses. Some plant extracts such as curcumin and turmeric extracts have shown in vitro efficacy against Fusarium . These extracts possess broad-spectrum antifungal activity against a number of plant pathogens such as Fusarium sp, Alternaria sp, and Botrytis sp. Curcumin is also known for its safety and low toxicity in plants. Result Increasing concentrations of Curcumin progressively inhibited radial fungal growth, reaching a maximum inhibition of 62.2% at 3.0%. In addition, the highest increase in plant growth was recorded with a foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianum (BCA) concerning the height of the plants and length of roots, the weight of fruit, and also the suppression of disease severity, indicating significant benefits with integrated application approaches. With this, significantly higher concentrations of growth hormones Gibberellic acid (GA3), antioxidant enzymes (Catalase CAT and Peroxidase POD), and micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Zn, B) were found in leaves, while flood (land water addition) treatments tended to have higher Abscisic acid (ABA) levels and enzyme activities related to stress responses. The concentration of secondary metabolites, including capsaicin and total carbohydrates, were higher with combined foliar and BCA treatments over flood application alone, together with an increase in macronutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg). Conclusion Results suggest that the combination of Curcumin with T. afroharzianum is a non-toxic, effective, and environmentally friendly approach for the control of Fusarium wilt along with improving growth and enhancing biochemical and nutritional potentiality in hot pepper plants. In contrast, flood application of Curcumin showed less or no effect on most of the parameters, which underlines the importance of the mode of application to achieve maximum efficacy.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing curcumin concentration inhibited Fusarium radial growth, reaching 62.2% inhibition at 3.0%.
- Taxon
- hot pepper
Capsicum frutescenst0 - Treatment
- Curcumine0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume1pathogen - Outcome
- radial fungal growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 62.2%e0
- Qualifier
- at 3.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Increasing concentrations of Curcumin progressively inhibited radial fungal growth, reaching a maximum inhibition of 62.2% at 3.0%”
e1“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar curcumin with Trichoderma afroharzianum gave the highest plant height and root length.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescenst0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianume0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma afroharzianumTrichoderma afroharzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- height of the plants and length of rootse0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest increase in plant growth was recorded with a foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianum (BCA) concerning the height of the plants and length of roots”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar curcumin with Trichoderma afroharzianum increased pepper fruit weight.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescenst0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianume0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma afroharzianumTrichoderma afroharzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- weight of fruite0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest increase in plant growth was recorded with a foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianum (BCA) concerning the height of the plants and length of roots, the weight of fruit”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar curcumin with Trichoderma afroharzianum suppressed Fusarium wilt severity.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescenst0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianume0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporume1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma afroharzianumTrichoderma afroharzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianum (BCA) concerning the height of the plants and length of roots, the weight of fruit, and also the suppression of disease severity”
e1“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper leaves had significantly higher GA3 concentrations with the integrated application.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescenst0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianume1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma afroharzianumTrichoderma afroharzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- concentrations of growth hormones Gibberellic acid (GA3)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher concentrations of growth hormones Gibberellic acid (GA3), antioxidant enzymes (Catalase CAT and Peroxidase POD), and micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Zn, B) were found in leaves”
e1“foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianum (BCA)”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper leaves had significantly higher CAT and POD enzyme concentrations with the integrated application.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescenst0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianume1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma afroharzianumTrichoderma afroharzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes (Catalase CAT and Peroxidase POD)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher concentrations of growth hormones Gibberellic acid (GA3), antioxidant enzymes (Catalase CAT and Peroxidase POD), and micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Zn, B) were found in leaves”
e1“foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianum (BCA)”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper leaves had significantly higher Cu, Fe, Zn, and B concentrations with the integrated application.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescenst0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianume1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma afroharzianumTrichoderma afroharzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Zn, B)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher concentrations of growth hormones Gibberellic acid (GA3), antioxidant enzymes (Catalase CAT and Peroxidase POD), and micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Zn, B) were found in leaves”
e1“foliar application of Curcumin in combination with the bio-control agent Trichoderma afroharzianum (BCA)”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flood curcumin application tended to yield higher ABA levels and stress-related enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescenst0
- Treatment
- flood (land water addition) treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Abscisic acid (ABA) levels and enzyme activities related to stress responsese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flood (land water addition) treatments tended to have higher Abscisic acid (ABA) levels and enzyme activities related to stress responses”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar curcumin and biological control raised capsaicin and total carbohydrate levels over flood application alone.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescenst0
- Treatment
- combined foliar and BCA treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma afroharzianumTrichoderma afroharzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- concentration of secondary metabolites, including capsaicin and total carbohydratese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- flood application alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of secondary metabolites, including capsaicin and total carbohydrates, were higher with combined foliar and BCA treatments over flood application alone”
e1“Trichoderma afroharzianum (BCA)”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar curcumin and biological control increased N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptake.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescenst0
- Treatment
- combined foliar and BCA treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma afroharzianumTrichoderma afroharzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- macronutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- flood application alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined foliar and BCA treatments over flood application alone, together with an increase in macronutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg)”
e1“Trichoderma afroharzianum (BCA)”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combining curcumin with T. afroharzianum for Fusarium wilt control and pepper growth.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescense0
- Second interactor
- T. afroharzianumTrichoderma afroharzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- combination of Curcumin with T. afroharzianume0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of Curcumin with T. afroharzianum is a non-toxic, effective, and environmentally friendly approach for the control of Fusarium wilt along with improving growth and enhancing biochemical and nutritional potentiality in hot pepper plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Flood application of curcumin had less or no effect on most parameters.
- Taxon
- hot pepperCapsicum frutescenst0
- Treatment
- flood application of Curcumine0
- Outcome
- most of the parameterse0
- Direction
- less or no effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flood application of Curcumin showed less or no effect on most of the parameters”
t0“hot pepper (Capsicum annuum)”
The same questions in other papers
application · nutrient: content · Capsicum frutescens (hot pepper)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
application · growth · Capsicum frutescens (hot pepper)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →application · quality: sugar starch · Capsicum frutescens (hot pepper)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biocontrol · growth · Capsicum frutescens (hot pepper)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.