Abstract
Micronutrient limitations continue to constrain the economic potential of groundnut production, particularly in nutrient-responsive soils where biological nitrogen fixation and reproductive processes impose high physiological demands. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that targeted foliar application of boron or molybdenum, in combination with recommended macronutrient fertilisation, can substantially enhance both the biophysical performance and economic viability of groundnut cultivation. A field assessment was conducted using 9 nutrient-management treatments involving soil and foliar routes of boron and molybdenum under full and reduced nutrient regimes. Instead of detailing stage-wise biometric responses, the findings are synthesised to highlight key technological and economic outcomes. Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose emerged as the most productive and cost-efficient strategy, increasing pod yield, enhancing photosynthetic performance, strengthening nodulation efficiency and generating the highest net returns. The interdisciplinary significance lies in connecting plant nutrition physiology with farm-level profitability metrics, revealing new opportunities for resource-efficient fertilization practices. These results demonstrate that a simple micronutrient-based intervention can support climate-resilient production, reduce hidden nutrient losses and create financially attractive pathways for oilseed farmers and agri-input stakeholders. Prospective research directions include scaling this approach through digital decision-support tools, micronutrient blending technologies and region-specific cost–benefit simulations.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose increased groundnut pod yield.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dosee2
- Outcome
- pod yielde2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Setting
- fielde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“economic potential of groundnut production”
e1“A field assessment was conducted using 9 nutrient-management treatments”
e2“Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose emerged as the most productive and cost-efficient strategy, increasing pod yield, enhancing photosynthetic performance, strengthening nodulation efficiency and generating the highest net returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose enhanced groundnut photosynthetic performance.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dosee2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performancee2
- Direction
- enhancinge2
- Setting
- fielde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“economic potential of groundnut production”
e1“A field assessment was conducted using 9 nutrient-management treatments”
e2“Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose emerged as the most productive and cost-efficient strategy, increasing pod yield, enhancing photosynthetic performance, strengthening nodulation efficiency and generating the highest net returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose strengthened groundnut nodulation efficiency.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dosee2
- Outcome
- nodulation efficiencye2
- Direction
- strengtheninge2
- Setting
- fielde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“economic potential of groundnut production”
e1“A field assessment was conducted using 9 nutrient-management treatments”
e2“Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose emerged as the most productive and cost-efficient strategy, increasing pod yield, enhancing photosynthetic performance, strengthening nodulation efficiency and generating the highest net returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose generated the highest groundnut net returns.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dosee2
- Outcome
- net returnse2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Setting
- fielde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“economic potential of groundnut production”
e1“A field assessment was conducted using 9 nutrient-management treatments”
e2“Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose emerged as the most productive and cost-efficient strategy, increasing pod yield, enhancing photosynthetic performance, strengthening nodulation efficiency and generating the highest net returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose was the most cost-efficient groundnut strategy.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dosee2
- Outcome
- cost-efficiente2
- Direction
- moste2
- Setting
- fielde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“economic potential of groundnut production”
e1“A field assessment was conducted using 9 nutrient-management treatments”
e2“Foliar boron at 0.5 % with 100 % recommended nutrient dose emerged as the most productive and cost-efficient strategy, increasing pod yield, enhancing photosynthetic performance, strengthening nodulation efficiency and generating the highest net returns”
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