Abstract
Chromium (Cr), a heavy metal, has significant toxic effects on plant growth and development. The exogenous application of selenium (Se) and molybdenum (Mo) has been widely demonstrated to alleviate its toxicity and enhance plant adaptability under heavy metal stress. However, the role of soil microbiota and related metabolism in the mitigation of Cr toxicity by Se and Mo is not well understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the impact of combined Se and Mo application on the microecological properties of Cr-contaminated soils. The findings showed that co-application of Se and Mo enhanced tobacco plant dry weight by 85.9% and decreased Cr concentration in roots by 59.6%. The combined application of Se–Mo enhanced the expression levels of amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates and fatty acid analogs (PUFAs). Moreover, the relative abundance of bacteria ( Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota ) involved in C, N, and P cycling in Cr-contaminated soils increased. In addition, the upregulation of functional genes associated with the C cycle ( mnp , abfA , sga , rbcL and pmoC ), N fixation ( nifH ), nitrification ( amoA ), and P cycle ( phoD ), as well as the downregulation of denitrification ( nirK1 and nirS2 ), promoted C, N, and P cycling in soil and ultimately mitigated Cr toxicity. The application of Se and Mo promoted the activation of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrients by increasing soil pH, organic matter (SOM) content, and urease and sucrose activities, as well as a marked boost in alkaline phosphatase activity (SALP). Stimulating microbial activity and optimizing nutrient cycling, the combined application of Se and Mo alleviates Cr stress by modulating soil properties and directly regulating microbial functional genes. Our findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms through which Se and Mo alleviate Cr toxicity in contaminated soils.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Se and Mo increased tobacco dry weight by 85.9%.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- co-application of Se and Moe0
- Outcome
- tobacco plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 85.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e0“co-application of Se and Mo enhanced tobacco plant dry weight by 85.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and Mo reduced chromium concentration in tobacco roots by 59.6%.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- co-application of Se and Moe0
- Outcome
- Cr concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 59.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e0“co-application of Se and Mo enhanced tobacco plant dry weight by 85.9% and decreased Cr concentration in roots by 59.6%”
Claim · model-written summary
Se–Mo increased expression levels of four metabolite classes.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of Se–Moe0
- Outcome
- expression levels of amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates and fatty acid analogs (PUFAs)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e0“combined application of Se–Mo enhanced the expression levels of amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates and fatty acid analogs (PUFAs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota became more abundant in chromium contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of Se–Moe1
- Outcome
- relative abundance of bacteria ( Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota )e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Cr-contaminated soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e0“relative abundance of bacteria ( Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota ) involved in C, N, and P cycling in Cr-contaminated soils increased”
e1“The combined application of Se–Mo”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes associated with carbon cycling, nitrogen fixation, nitrification and phosphorus cycling were upregulated.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Gene
- mnp , abfA , sga , rbcL and pmoCe0
- Outcome
- upregulation of functional genese0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e0“upregulation of functional genes associated with the C cycle ( mnp , abfA , sga , rbcL and pmoC ), N fixation ( nifH ), nitrification ( amoA ), and P cycle ( phoD )”
Claim · model-written summary
Denitrification genes were downregulated.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Gene
- nirK1 and nirS2e0
- Outcome
- denitrificatione0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e0“downregulation of denitrification ( nirK1 and nirS2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and Mo increased soil pH and organic matter.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- application of Se and Moe0
- Outcome
- soil pH, organic matter (SOM) contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e0“The application of Se and Mo promoted the activation of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrients by increasing soil pH, organic matter (SOM) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and Mo increased urease and sucrose activities.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- The application of Se and Moe1
- Outcome
- urease and sucrose activitiese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e0“increasing soil pH, organic matter (SOM) content, and urease and sucrose activities”
e1“The application of Se and Mo promoted”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and Mo boosted alkaline phosphatase activity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- The application of Se and Moe1
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatase activity (SALP)e0
- Direction
- booste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e0“a marked boost in alkaline phosphatase activity (SALP)”
e1“The application of Se and Mo promoted”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that microbial activity and nutrient cycling mitigate chromium stress.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of Se and Moe0
- Outcome
- alleviates Cr stresse0
- Qualifier
- Stimulating microbial activity and optimizing nutrient cyclinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e0“Stimulating microbial activity and optimizing nutrient cycling, the combined application of Se and Mo alleviates Cr stress by modulating soil properties and directly regulating microbial functional genes”
The same questions in other papers
molybdenum atom · nutrient: content · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →selenium atom · molecular: expression · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
selenium atom · soil: biology · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
selenium atom · growth · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →selenium atom · nutrient: content · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →selenium atom · molecular: metabolites · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →molybdenum atom · molecular: metabolites · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →molybdenum atom · growth · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
12 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.