Abstract
We evaluated the herbicidal potential of Argemone mexicana extracts against Ageratum conyzoides, a problematic agricultural weed. Aqueous extracts were prepared from driedA. mexicana plant material and tested at concentrations of 10,50,100 and 200 mg/ml. Laboratory bioassays assessed seed germination, seedling growth, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments and protein content. Bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS analysis. Field trials evaluated weed control efficacy under natural conditions using a randomized complete block design. Extract significantly reduced seed germination from 83.33 % (control) to 20.0 % at 200 mg/mL (p <0.001). Seedling growth, biomass, chlorophyll content and protein levels decreased proportionally with extract concentration. Complete plant mortality occurred at the highest concentration. GC-MS analysis identified 23 bioactive compounds, primarily alkaloids (protopine, sanguinarine and berberine) and phenolic acids (caffeic acid and ferulic acid). Field trials demonstrated 96.5 % weed control efficacy at 200 mg/mL within 7-days, comparable to synthetic herbicides. A. mexicana extracts exhibited herbicidal activity through multi-compound synergistic effects. While promising for bioherbicide development, practical application requires addressing concentration requirements, cost-effectiveness and broader spectrum validation. The findings support the continued research into plant-derived herbicides as sustainable alternatives for weed management.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Argemone mexicana extract at 200 mg/mL significantly reduced Ageratum conyzoides seed germination from 83.33 % in the control to 20.0 %.
- Taxon
- Ageratum conyzoides
Ageratum conyzoidest0 - Treatment
- Argemone mexicana L. extractst1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 83.33 % (control) to 20.0 %e0
- Qualifier
- at 200 mg/mLe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ageratum conyzoides”
t1“Argemone mexicana L. extracts”
e0“Extract significantly reduced seed germination from 83.33 % (control) to 20.0 % at 200 mg/mL (p <0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth and biomass of the target weed decreased proportionally with extract concentration.
- Taxon
- Ageratum conyzoidesAgeratum conyzoidest0
- Treatment
- extract concentratione0
- Outcome
- Seedling growth, biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- proportionallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ageratum conyzoides”
t1“Argemone mexicana L. extracts”
e0“Seedling growth, biomass, chlorophyll content and protein levels decreased proportionally with extract concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content and protein levels of the target weed decreased proportionally with extract concentration.
- Taxon
- Ageratum conyzoidesAgeratum conyzoidest0
- Treatment
- extract concentratione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and protein levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- proportionallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ageratum conyzoides”
e0“Seedling growth, biomass, chlorophyll content and protein levels decreased proportionally with extract concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete plant mortality of the weed occurred at the highest extract concentration.
- Taxon
- Ageratum conyzoidesAgeratum conyzoidest0
- Outcome
- plant mortalitye0
- Value
- Completee0
- Qualifier
- at the highest concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ageratum conyzoides”
e0“Complete plant mortality occurred at the highest concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
GC-MS analysis of Argemone mexicana extract identified 23 bioactive compounds, primarily alkaloids (protopine, sanguinarine, berberine) and phenolic acids (caffeic and ferulic acid).
- Taxon
- Argemone mexicana
Argemone mexicanat0 - Outcome
- 23 bioactive compoundse0
- Qualifier
- primarily alkaloids (protopine, sanguinarine and berberine) and phenolic acids (caffeic acid and ferulic acid)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Argemone mexicana”
e0“GC-MS analysis identified 23 bioactive compounds, primarily alkaloids (protopine, sanguinarine and berberine) and phenolic acids (caffeic acid and ferulic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
In field trials the extract at 200 mg/mL gave 96.5 % weed control efficacy within 7 days, comparable to synthetic herbicides.
- Taxon
- Ageratum conyzoidesAgeratum conyzoidest0
- Treatment
- Argemone mexicana L. extractst1
- Outcome
- weed control efficacye0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Value
- 96.5 %e0
- Qualifier
- at 200 mg/mL within 7-dayse0
- Comparator
- synthetic herbicidese0
- Setting
- Field trialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ageratum conyzoides”
t1“Argemone mexicana L. extracts”
e0“Field trials demonstrated 96.5 % weed control efficacy at 200 mg/mL within 7-days, comparable to synthetic herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the herbicidal activity of A. mexicana extracts to multi-compound synergistic effects.
- Taxon
- A. mexicanaArgemone mexicanae0
- Outcome
- herbicidal activitye0
- Qualifier
- multi-compound synergistic effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. mexicana extracts exhibited herbicidal activity through multi-compound synergistic effects”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that practical application of the extract needs work on concentration requirements, cost-effectiveness and broader spectrum validation.
- Taxon
- Argemone mexicanaArgemone mexicanat0
- Outcome
- practical application requires addressing concentration requirements, cost-effectiveness and broader spectrum validatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Argemone mexicana”
e0“practical application requires addressing concentration requirements, cost-effectiveness and broader spectrum validation”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Ageratum conyzoidesResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.