Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a conserved indoleamine that regulates diverse physiological processes, including stomatal movement in angiosperms. However, whether this regulation is conserved across different plant lineages remains uncertain. In this study, we examined the stomatal responses to exogenous melatonin in seventeen representative plant species, comprising seven angiosperms, two gymnosperms, seven ferns, and one lycophyte. In seed plants, melatonin induced dose-dependent stomatal closure, accompanied by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and cytosolic Ca²⁺; this response was abolished by ROS and NO scavengers or synthesis inhibitors. In contrast, ferns and the lycophyte exhibited melatonin-induced ROS production but showed no NO or Ca²⁺ accumulation or stomatal closure. Furthermore, the application of melatonin attenuated or completely disrupted circadian-driven stomatal closure under constant light in seed plants. In contrast, rhythmic stomatal closure was not observed under constant light in ferns or lycophytes, with the exception of one semi-aquatic species from the Marsileaceae family, Marsilea quadrifolia, which exhibited a rhythmic increase in stomatal conductance that was not influenced by the exogenous melatonin treatment. These results indicate that the signaling pathway for melatonin-induced stomatal movement is present in seed plants but absent in ferns and lycophytes, suggesting that variation in melatonin sensitivity may be related to lineage-specific differences in nighttime stomatal behavior.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
In seed plants, melatonin induced dose-dependent stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- seed plantsSpermatophytae0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- dose-dependente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In seed plants, melatonin induced dose-dependent stomatal closure”
Claim · model-written summary
In seed plants, melatonin-induced stomatal closure was accompanied by accumulation of ROS, NO and cytosolic Ca2+.
- Taxon
- seed plantsSpermatophytae0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and cytosolic Ca²⁺e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“In seed plants, melatonin induced dose-dependent stomatal closure”
e2“accompanied by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and cytosolic Ca²⁺”
Claim · model-written summary
In seed plants, the melatonin-induced stomatal closure response was abolished by ROS and NO scavengers or synthesis inhibitors.
- Taxon
- seed plantsSpermatophytae0
- Treatment
- ROS and NO scavengers or synthesis inhibitorse1
- Outcome
- responsee1
- Direction
- abolishede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In seed plants, melatonin induced dose-dependent stomatal closure”
e1“this response was abolished by ROS and NO scavengers or synthesis inhibitors”
Claim · model-written summary
In ferns and the lycophyte, melatonin induced ROS production.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e3“ferns and the lycophyte exhibited melatonin-induced ROS production but showed no NO or Ca²⁺ accumulation or stomatal closure”
Claim · model-written summary
In ferns and the lycophyte, melatonin did not induce NO or Ca2+ accumulation or stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- ferns and the lycophytee3
- Treatment
- melatonine3
- Outcome
- NO or Ca²⁺ accumulation or stomatal closuree3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e3“ferns and the lycophyte exhibited melatonin-induced ROS production but showed no NO or Ca²⁺ accumulation or stomatal closure”
Claim · model-written summary
In seed plants under constant light, melatonin attenuated or completely disrupted circadian-driven stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- seed plantsSpermatophytae5
- Treatment
- melatonine5
- Outcome
- circadian-driven stomatal closuree5
- Direction
- attenuated or completely disruptede5
- Setting
- constant lighte5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e5“the application of melatonin attenuated or completely disrupted circadian-driven stomatal closure under constant light in seed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under constant light, rhythmic stomatal closure was not observed in ferns or lycophytes.
Verbatim
e6“rhythmic stomatal closure was not observed under constant light in ferns or lycophytes”
Claim · model-written summary
In Marsilea quadrifolia, the rhythmic increase in stomatal conductance was not influenced by exogenous melatonin.
- Taxon
- Marsilea quadrifolia
Marsilea quadrifoliae7 - Treatment
- exogenous melatonin treatmente7
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee7
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Marsilea quadrifolia, which exhibited a rhythmic increase in stomatal conductance that was not influenced by the exogenous melatonin treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The melatonin signalling pathway for stomatal movement is present in seed plants but absent in ferns and lycophytes.
- Taxon
- seed plantsSpermatophytae0
- Outcome
- stomatal movemente0
- Qualifier
- signaling pathwaye0
Verbatim
e0“the signaling pathway for melatonin-induced stomatal movement is present in seed plants but absent in ferns and lycophytes”