Abstract
Low-temperature stress during early spring critically limits seed germination and seedling establishment in solanaceous crops. This study investigated the effects of seed treatment (ST) combined with foliar spraying of oligosaccharides (FSO) on improving seed germination and early seedling growth of pepper and tomato under constant 15°C conditions. The seed treatment (ST) involved soaking seeds in a tri-component oligosaccharides solution (0.11 g/L of a 1:1:1 ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide, D-cellobiose, xylo-oligosaccharide) for 24 h at 20°C, followed by solid matrix priming (SMP) with vermiculite (seed:vermiculite:water, 1:2:1.8, w/w/w) for 72 h at 20°C and subsequent air-drying. The treated and control seeds were germinated at 25°C for 3 days prior to being transferred to 15°C. Seedlings from treated seeds received two foliar sprays of the same oligosaccharides solution (0.11 g/L) at 14 and 18 days after sowing. The results showed that seed treatment (ST) significantly enhanced all emergence parameters and reduced the mean emergence time in both species compared to the untreated control. Statistical analysis indicated a significant species × treatment interaction for most emergence parameters, with a more pronounced promotive effect in pepper. The integrated ST + FSO treatment significantly improved seedling growth parameters. Significant species × treatment interactions were observed for stem diameter and fresh weight, with tomato exhibiting a greater relative increase in fresh weight. ST + FSO enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and increased soluble sugar content in both species. However, a significant increase in glutathione reductase (GR) activity and soluble protein content occurred specifically in pepper, highlighting a species-specific physiological response. In conclusion, the combination of seed treatment and foliar spraying of oligosaccharides (ST + FSO) is an effective strategy for enhancing low-temperature tolerance in solanaceous crops, although its efficacy and underlying physiological mechanisms exhibit significant species-specific variation.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment improved emergence parameters in pepper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment (ST) significantly enhanced all emergence parameters and reduced the mean emergence time in both species compared to the untreated control.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment improved emergence parameters in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- seed treatment (ST)e0
- Outcome
- all emergence parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment (ST) significantly enhanced all emergence parameters and reduced the mean emergence time in both species compared to the untreated control.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment reduced mean emergence time in pepper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment (ST) significantly enhanced all emergence parameters and reduced the mean emergence time in both species compared to the untreated control.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment reduced mean emergence time in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- seed treatment (ST)e0
- Outcome
- mean emergence timee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment (ST) significantly enhanced all emergence parameters and reduced the mean emergence time in both species compared to the untreated control.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The emergence response to treatment differed by species and was stronger in pepper.
Verbatim
e0“Statistical analysis indicated a significant species × treatment interaction for most emergence parameters, with a more pronounced promotive effect in pepper.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined seed and foliar treatment improved pepper seedling growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The integrated ST + FSO treatment significantly improved seedling growth parameters.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined seed and foliar treatment improved tomato seedling growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ST + FSO treatmente0
- Outcome
- seedling growth parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated ST + FSO treatment significantly improved seedling growth parameters.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem diameter response differed significantly by species and treatment.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Significant species × treatment interactions were observed for stem diameter and fresh weight, with tomato exhibiting a greater relative increase in fresh weight.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato had a greater relative increase in fresh weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- greater relative increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant species × treatment interactions were observed for stem diameter and fresh weight, with tomato exhibiting a greater relative increase in fresh weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment enhanced SOD and GPX activity in pepper.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- ST + FSOe0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ST + FSO enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and increased soluble sugar content in both species.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment enhanced SOD and GPX activity in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ST + FSOe0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ST + FSO enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and increased soluble sugar content in both species.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased soluble sugar content in pepper.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ST + FSO enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and increased soluble sugar content in both species.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased soluble sugar content in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ST + FSOe0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ST + FSO enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and increased soluble sugar content in both species.”
t0“pepper and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased GR activity in pepper.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in glutathione reductase (GR) activity and soluble protein content occurred specifically in pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased soluble protein content in pepper.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in glutathione reductase (GR) activity and soluble protein content occurred specifically in pepper”
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