Abstract
The plant-specific TCP transcription factor family plays crucial roles in morphogenesis and stress adaptation. While characterized in many species, this family remains unstudied in Punica granatum. We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP family in pomegranate, identifying 24 PgTCP genes classified into the PCF, CIN, and CYC/TB1 subclades, supported by conserved gene structures and motifs. Evolutionary analysis indicated segmental duplication and purifying selection shaped this family. Expression profiling revealed distinct spatiotemporal patterns: PgTCP2/9/14/21 were highly expressed in flowers, with PgTCP21 also notably abundant in fruit tissues (seed coats and pericarp), suggesting roles in reproductive development. PgTCP19, an ortholog of the branching suppressor BRC1, showed dominant expression in dormant buds, implicating it in shoot architecture regulation. Furthermore, PgTCP5 and the miR319-targeted PgTCP22 were leaf-predominant, indicating a function in leaf development. Under abiotic stress, PgTCPs displayed dynamic, treatment-specific responses. A subset of genes was rapidly induced by cold, while PgTCP14 and PgTCP23 showed sustained upregulation during drought. Several light-responsive PgTCPs were suppressed under shading. This study provides a foundational resource, functionally classifies the PgTCP family, and identifies key candidates regulating organ development and stress resilience for future functional validation and molecular breeding in pomegranate. This work provides the first comprehensive overview of the TCP gene family in pomegranate and offers candidate genes for future functional studies related to development and stress responses.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The pomegranate genome contains 24 PgTCP genes.
- Taxon
- pomegranate
Punica granatume0 - Outcome
- PgTCP genese1
- Value
- 24e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP family in pomegranate”
e1“identifying 24 PgTCP genes classified into the PCF, CIN, and CYC/TB1 subclades”
Claim · model-written summary
Segmental duplication and purifying selection shaped the pomegranate TCP family.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Outcome
- segmental duplication and purifying selectione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP family in pomegranate”
e2“Evolutionary analysis indicated segmental duplication and purifying selection shaped this family”
Claim · model-written summary
PgTCP2, PgTCP9, PgTCP14 and PgTCP21 were highly expressed in flowers.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse3
- Gene
- PgTCP2/9/14/21e3
- Outcome
- highly expressede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP family in pomegranate”
e3“PgTCP2/9/14/21 were highly expressed in flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
PgTCP21 was notably abundant in fruit tissues (seed coats and pericarp).
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Organ / stage
- fruit tissues (seed coats and pericarp)e4
- Gene
- PgTCP21e4
- Outcome
- notably abundante4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP family in pomegranate”
e4“PgTCP21 also notably abundant in fruit tissues (seed coats and pericarp)”
Claim · model-written summary
PgTCP19 showed dominant expression in dormant buds.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Organ / stage
- dormant budse5
- Gene
- PgTCP19e5
- Outcome
- dominant expressione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP family in pomegranate”
e5“PgTCP19, an ortholog of the branching suppressor BRC1, showed dominant expression in dormant buds”
Claim · model-written summary
PgTCP5 and miR319-targeted PgTCP22 were leaf-predominant in expression.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Organ / stage
- leafe6
- Gene
- PgTCP5 and the miR319-targeted PgTCP22e6
- Outcome
- leaf-predominante6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP family in pomegranate”
e6“PgTCP5 and the miR319-targeted PgTCP22 were leaf-predominant”
Claim · model-written summary
A subset of pomegranate genes was rapidly induced by cold.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Treatment
- colde7
- Outcome
- subset of genese7
- Direction
- inducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP family in pomegranate”
e7“A subset of genes was rapidly induced by cold”
Claim · model-written summary
PgTCP14 and PgTCP23 showed sustained upregulation during drought.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Treatment
- droughte1
- Gene
- PgTCP14 and PgTCP23e1
- Outcome
- sustained upregulatione1
- Direction
- upregulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP family in pomegranate”
e1“PgTCP14 and PgTCP23 showed sustained upregulation during drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Several light-responsive PgTCPs were suppressed under shading.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Treatment
- shadinge1
- Outcome
- light-responsive PgTCPse1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We performed the first genome-wide analysis of the TCP family in pomegranate”
e1“Several light-responsive PgTCPs were suppressed under shading”