Abstract
Silicon deficiency is widespread in soils of Southeastern China and may constrain nitrogen (N)-use efficiency and yield formation in oilseed rape; therefore, this study aimed to identify an N-reduction window enabled by silicon (Si) fertilization and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025), with five treatments: conventional N (T1, 300 kg·N·ha−1), conventional N plus Si (T1+Si, 150 kg·Si·ha−1), and three N rates (120%, 80%, and 60% of conventional N; T2+Si, T3+Si, and T4+Si) under a fixed Si input. Yield, N-use efficiency, plant physiological traits, soil quality index (SQI), and nitrogen-cycle ecosystem multifunctionality were assessed. Compared with T1, T1+Si and T3+Si increased yield by 6.55% and 6.06%, respectively, accompanied by higher dry matter translocation (27.20% and 34.60%) and improved N-use efficiency (28.86% and 39.66%). SQI increased by 31.42% (T1+Si) and 33.03% (T3+Si), while nitrogen-cycle multifunctionality increased by 32.42% and 58.42%, respectively. Correlation and path analyses indicated that Si promoted yield formation by simultaneously alleviating soil constraints (lower exchangeable acidity and Al3+; higher cation exchange capacity) and enhancing plant assimilation and allocation processes, thereby reducing potential N losses and strengthening N cycling. Overall, applying 150 kg·Si·ha−1 combined with a 20% reduction in N (240 kg·N·ha−1) achieved stable yield gains and coordinated improvements in soil quality, providing an operational fertilization window for Si-enabled N management in regional oilseed rape systems.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
T1+Si increased oilseed rape yield by 6.55% compared with T1.
- Taxon
- Oilseed Rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse2 - Treatment
- T1+Sie1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 6.55%e1
- Comparator
- T1e1
- Setting
- Putian, Fujian Provincee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Compared with T1, T1+Si and T3+Si increased yield by 6.55% and 6.06%, respectively, accompanied by higher dry matter translocation (27.20% and 34.60%) and improved N-use efficiency (28.86% and 39.66%)”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3+Si increased oilseed rape yield by 6.06% compared with T1.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- T3+Sie1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 6.06%e1
- Comparator
- T1e1
- Setting
- Putian, Fujian Provincee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with T1, T1+Si and T3+Si increased yield by 6.55% and 6.06%, respectively, accompanied by higher dry matter translocation (27.20% and 34.60%) and improved N-use efficiency (28.86% and 39.66%)”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025)”
Claim · model-written summary
T1+Si gave higher dry matter translocation in oilseed rape, at 27.20%.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- T1+Sie1
- Outcome
- dry matter translocatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 27.20%e1
- Comparator
- T1e1
- Setting
- Putian, Fujian Provincee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with T1, T1+Si and T3+Si increased yield by 6.55% and 6.06%, respectively, accompanied by higher dry matter translocation (27.20% and 34.60%) and improved N-use efficiency (28.86% and 39.66%)”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3+Si gave higher dry matter translocation in oilseed rape, at 34.60%.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- T3+Sie1
- Outcome
- dry matter translocatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 34.60%e1
- Comparator
- T1e1
- Setting
- Putian, Fujian Provincee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with T1, T1+Si and T3+Si increased yield by 6.55% and 6.06%, respectively, accompanied by higher dry matter translocation (27.20% and 34.60%) and improved N-use efficiency (28.86% and 39.66%)”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025)”
Claim · model-written summary
T1+Si improved N-use efficiency in oilseed rape by 28.86%.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- T1+Sie1
- Outcome
- N-use efficiencye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 28.86%e1
- Comparator
- T1e1
- Setting
- Putian, Fujian Provincee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with T1, T1+Si and T3+Si increased yield by 6.55% and 6.06%, respectively, accompanied by higher dry matter translocation (27.20% and 34.60%) and improved N-use efficiency (28.86% and 39.66%)”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3+Si improved N-use efficiency in oilseed rape by 39.66%.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- T3+Sie1
- Outcome
- N-use efficiencye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 39.66%e1
- Comparator
- T1e1
- Setting
- Putian, Fujian Provincee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with T1, T1+Si and T3+Si increased yield by 6.55% and 6.06%, respectively, accompanied by higher dry matter translocation (27.20% and 34.60%) and improved N-use efficiency (28.86% and 39.66%)”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025)”
Claim · model-written summary
T1+Si increased the soil quality index (SQI) by 31.42%.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- T1+Sie1
- Outcome
- SQIe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 31.42%e1
- Setting
- Putian, Fujian Provincee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SQI increased by 31.42% (T1+Si) and 33.03% (T3+Si), while nitrogen-cycle multifunctionality increased by 32.42% and 58.42%, respectively”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3+Si increased the soil quality index (SQI) by 33.03%.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- T3+Sie1
- Outcome
- SQIe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 33.03%e1
- Setting
- Putian, Fujian Provincee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SQI increased by 31.42% (T1+Si) and 33.03% (T3+Si), while nitrogen-cycle multifunctionality increased by 32.42% and 58.42%, respectively”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025)”
Claim · model-written summary
T1+Si increased nitrogen-cycle multifunctionality by 32.42%.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- T1+Sie1
- Outcome
- nitrogen-cycle multifunctionalitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 32.42%e1
- Setting
- Putian, Fujian Provincee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SQI increased by 31.42% (T1+Si) and 33.03% (T3+Si), while nitrogen-cycle multifunctionality increased by 32.42% and 58.42%, respectively”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3+Si increased nitrogen-cycle multifunctionality by 58.42%.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- T3+Sie1
- Outcome
- nitrogen-cycle multifunctionalitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 58.42%e1
- Setting
- Putian, Fujian Provincee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SQI increased by 31.42% (T1+Si) and 33.03% (T3+Si), while nitrogen-cycle multifunctionality increased by 32.42% and 58.42%, respectively”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in Putian, Fujian Province (2023–2025)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon promotes yield formation in oilseed rape by alleviating soil constraints and enhancing plant assimilation and allocation, which reduces potential N losses.
- Taxon
- Oilseed RapeBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- yield formatione1
- Qualifier
- lower exchangeable acidity and Al3+; higher cation exchange capacitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Si promoted yield formation by simultaneously alleviating soil constraints (lower exchangeable acidity and Al3+; higher cation exchange capacity) and enhancing plant assimilation and allocation processes, thereby reducing potential N losses and strengthening N cycling”
e2“Yield Formation in Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 150 kg Si per ha with a 20% reduction in N is recommended as an operational fertilization window for oilseed rape.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse1
- Outcome
- operational fertilization windowe1
- Qualifier
- stable yield gains and coordinated improvements in soil qualitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“achieved stable yield gains and coordinated improvements in soil quality, providing an operational fertilization window for Si-enabled N management in regional oilseed rape systems”
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