Abstract
Rice–groundnut cropping systems are widely practiced in coastal regions of Eastern India due to their potential for enhancing system productivity and profitability. However, the sustainability of these systems is increasingly challenged by inappropriate establishment methods, imbalanced nutrient management, and declining soil health. A field experiment was conducted during the wet and dry seasons of 2022–23 and 2023–24 at the Central Farm of Regional Research & Technology Transfer Station (RRTTS), Coastal Zone, OUAT, Bhubaneswar to study the effect of establishment methods and nutrient management practices on the growth, yield, nutrient dynamics, and economics of rice-groundnut cropping system. The experiment was performed in strip plot design with sixteen treatment combinations, which were replicated thrice. The design consisted of four types of establishment methods (viz., direct seeded rice (DSR), puddled manual transplanted rice (PTR), puddled machine transplanted rice (PMTR) and non- puddled machine transplanted rice (NMTR)) allocated to the main plot and four nutrient management practices (Soil test-based fertilizer recommendation (STBFR), Nutrient recommendation by Rice Crop Manager (RCM), 75% STBFR + farm yard manure and 75% STBFR + in situ green manuring with dhaincha) allocated to the subplot in wet season for rice. In dry season, STBFR + Rhizobium + Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) was applied to groundnut in all the plots. PMTR recorded the highest rice equivalent yield (REY) of 11166 kg ha -1 which was at par with NMTR (11140 kg ha -1 ). Among the integrated nutrient management practices, 75% STBFR + GM achieved the highest pooled REY (11,363 kg ha −1 ). The 75% STBFR + GM practice recorded the highest system NPK uptake (211.62, 35.55, and 193.98 kg ha −1 , respectively), enhancing the system N uptake by 4.35, 5.78 and 18.23%, P uptake by 1.25, 5.08 and 19.21%, and K uptake by 2.08, 5.16 and 15.67% over RCM, 75% STBFR + FYM and 100% STBFR, respectively. Among the establishment methods, PMTR recorded the highest system NPK uptake (204.95, 35.96, and 192.32 kg ha −1 , respectively). Application of 75% STBFR + GM gave the the most promising results, recording the highest benefit cost ratio (1.88) and energy ratio (8.60). Correlation and principal component analysis revealed strong positive associations between rice equivalent yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake, indicating that system productivity was primarily driven by improved nutrient acquisition. The application of 75% STBFR + GM in PMTR sustained productivity and sustainability in rice-groundnut by enhancing soil quality in Eastern India.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Puddled machine transplanted rice (PMTR) recorded the highest rice equivalent yield, 11166 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- PMTRe0
- Outcome
- rice equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11166 kg ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PMTR recorded the highest rice equivalent yield (REY) of 11166 kg ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-puddled machine transplanted rice (NMTR) had a rice equivalent yield of 11140 kg/ha, at par with PMTR.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NMTRe0
- Outcome
- rice equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Value
- 11140 kg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- PMTRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PMTR recorded the highest rice equivalent yield (REY) of 11166 kg ha -1 which was at par with NMTR (11140 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Among integrated nutrient management practices, 75% STBFR + GM achieved the highest pooled rice equivalent yield, 11,363 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- rice–groundnut
Arachis hypogaeaOryza sativat0 - Treatment
- 75% STBFR + GMe0
- Outcome
- pooled REYe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11,363 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- integrated nutrient management practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the integrated nutrient management practices, 75% STBFR + GM achieved the highest pooled REY (11,363 kg ha −1 )”
t0“rice–groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
75% STBFR + GM enhanced system N uptake by 4.35, 5.78 and 18.23% over RCM, 75% STBFR + FYM and 100% STBFR, respectively.
- Taxon
- rice–groundnutArachis hypogaeaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 75% STBFR + GMe0
- Outcome
- system N uptakee1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
- Value
- 4.35, 5.78 and 18.23%e1
- Qualifier
- 211.62, 35.55, and 193.98 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- RCM, 75% STBFR + FYM and 100% STBFRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 75% STBFR + GM practice recorded the highest system NPK uptake (211.62, 35.55, and 193.98 kg ha −1 , respectively)”
e1“enhancing the system N uptake by 4.35, 5.78 and 18.23%”
e2“over RCM, 75% STBFR + FYM and 100% STBFR”
t0“rice–groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
75% STBFR + GM enhanced system P uptake by 1.25, 5.08 and 19.21% over RCM, 75% STBFR + FYM and 100% STBFR, respectively.
- Taxon
- rice–groundnutArachis hypogaeaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 75% STBFR + GMe0
- Outcome
- P uptakee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 1.25, 5.08 and 19.21%e1
- Qualifier
- 211.62, 35.55, and 193.98 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- RCM, 75% STBFR + FYM and 100% STBFRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 75% STBFR + GM practice recorded the highest system NPK uptake (211.62, 35.55, and 193.98 kg ha −1 , respectively)”
e1“P uptake by 1.25, 5.08 and 19.21%”
e2“over RCM, 75% STBFR + FYM and 100% STBFR”
t0“rice–groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
75% STBFR + GM enhanced system K uptake by 2.08, 5.16 and 15.67% over RCM, 75% STBFR + FYM and 100% STBFR, respectively.
- Taxon
- rice–groundnutArachis hypogaeaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 75% STBFR + GMe0
- Outcome
- K uptakee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 2.08, 5.16 and 15.67%e1
- Qualifier
- 211.62, 35.55, and 193.98 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- RCM, 75% STBFR + FYM and 100% STBFRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 75% STBFR + GM practice recorded the highest system NPK uptake (211.62, 35.55, and 193.98 kg ha −1 , respectively)”
e1“K uptake by 2.08, 5.16 and 15.67%”
e2“over RCM, 75% STBFR + FYM and 100% STBFR”
t0“rice–groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Among establishment methods, PMTR recorded the highest system NPK uptake (204.95, 35.96 and 192.32 kg/ha, respectively).
- Taxon
- rice–groundnutArachis hypogaeaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PMTRe0
- Outcome
- system NPK uptakee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 204.95, 35.96, and 192.32 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- establishment methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the establishment methods, PMTR recorded the highest system NPK uptake (204.95, 35.96, and 192.32 kg ha −1 , respectively)”
t0“rice–groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
75% STBFR + GM recorded the highest benefit cost ratio, 1.88.
- Taxon
- rice–groundnutArachis hypogaeaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 75% STBFR + GMe0
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.88e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 75% STBFR + GM gave the the most promising results, recording the highest benefit cost ratio (1.88) and energy ratio (8.60)”
t0“rice–groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
75% STBFR + GM recorded the highest energy ratio, 8.60.
- Taxon
- rice–groundnutArachis hypogaeaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 75% STBFR + GMe0
- Outcome
- energy ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.60e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 75% STBFR + GM gave the the most promising results, recording the highest benefit cost ratio (1.88) and energy ratio (8.60)”
t0“rice–groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Correlation and principal component analysis showed strong positive associations between rice equivalent yield and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassiume0
- Outcome
- rice equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlation and principal component analysis revealed strong positive associations between rice equivalent yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the associations as indicating that system productivity was primarily driven by improved nutrient acquisition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- system productivitye0
- Qualifier
- primarily driven by improved nutrient acquisitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong positive associations between rice equivalent yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake, indicating that system productivity was primarily driven by improved nutrient acquisition”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that 75% STBFR + GM in PMTR sustained productivity and sustainability in rice-groundnut by enhancing soil quality in Eastern India.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 75% STBFR + GM in PMTR sustained productivity and sustainability in rice-groundnut by enhancing soil quality”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.