Abstract
The MADS box transcription factors are critical regulators of rice (Oryza sativa) reproductive development. Here, we here report the functional characterization of a rice MADS box family member, MADS29, which is preferentially expressed in the nucellus and the nucellar projection. Suppressed expression of MADS29 resulted in abnormal seed development; the seeds were shrunken, displayed a low grain-filling rate and suppressed starch biosynthesis, and contained abnormal starch granules. Detailed analysis indicated that the abnormal seed development is due to defective programmed cell death (PCD) of the nucellus and nucellar projection, which was confirmed by a TUNEL assay and transcriptome analysis. Further studies showed that expression of MADS29 is induced by auxin and MADS29 protein binds directly to the putative promoter regions of genes that encode a Cys protease and nucleotide binding site-Leu-rich repeat proteins, thereby stimulating the PCD. This study identifies MADS29 as a key regulator of early rice seed development by regulating the PCD of maternal tissues. It provides informative clues to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of maternal tissue degradation after fertilization and to facilitate the studies of endosperm development and seed filling.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
MADS29 was preferentially expressed in the nucellus and nucellar projection.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- nucellus and the nucellar projectione0
- Gene
- MADS29e0
- Outcome
- preferentially expressede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a rice MADS box family member, MADS29, which is preferentially expressed in the nucellus and the nucellar projection”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing MADS29 expression produced shrunken rice seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Treatment
- Suppressed expression of MADS29e1
- Gene
- MADS29e1
- Outcome
- shrunkene1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice MADS box family member, MADS29”
e1“Suppressed expression of MADS29 resulted in abnormal seed development; the seeds were shrunken”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing MADS29 expression lowered grain filling rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Suppressed expression of MADS29e1
- Gene
- MADS29e1
- Outcome
- grain-filling ratee1
- Direction
- lowe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice MADS box family member, MADS29”
e1“Suppressed expression of MADS29 resulted in abnormal seed development; the seeds were shrunken, displayed a low grain-filling rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing MADS29 expression suppressed starch biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Suppressed expression of MADS29e1
- Gene
- MADS29e1
- Outcome
- starch biosynthesise1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice MADS box family member, MADS29”
e1“Suppressed expression of MADS29 resulted in abnormal seed development; the seeds were shrunken, displayed a low grain-filling rate and suppressed starch biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing MADS29 expression caused abnormal starch granules.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Suppressed expression of MADS29e1
- Gene
- MADS29e1
- Outcome
- abnormal starch granulese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice MADS box family member, MADS29”
e1“Suppressed expression of MADS29 resulted in abnormal seed development; the seeds were shrunken, displayed a low grain-filling rate and suppressed starch biosynthesis, and contained abnormal starch granules”
Claim · model-written summary
Defective programmed cell death of maternal tissues was identified as the cause of abnormal rice seed development.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- nucellus and nucellar projectione1
- Outcome
- abnormal seed developmente1
- Qualifier
- defective programmed cell death (PCD)e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice MADS box family member, MADS29”
e1“the abnormal seed development is due to defective programmed cell death (PCD) of the nucellus and nucellar projection, which was confirmed by a TUNEL assay and transcriptome analysis”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin induced MADS29 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice MADS box family member, MADS29”
e1“expression of MADS29 is induced by auxin”
Claim · model-written summary
MADS29 protein bound putative promoter regions of genes encoding a Cys protease and nucleotide binding site-Leu-rich repeat proteins.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- MADS29 proteine1
- Outcome
- binds directly to the putative promoter regionse1
- Qualifier
- genes that encode a Cys protease and nucleotide binding site-Leu-rich repeat proteinse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice MADS box family member, MADS29”
e1“MADS29 protein binds directly to the putative promoter regions of genes that encode a Cys protease and nucleotide binding site-Leu-rich repeat proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
MADS29 promoter binding stimulated programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- MADS29 proteine1
- Outcome
- PCDe1
- Direction
- stimulatinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice MADS box family member, MADS29”
e1“MADS29 protein binds directly to the putative promoter regions of genes that encode a Cys protease and nucleotide binding site-Leu-rich repeat proteins, thereby stimulating the PCD”
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