Abstract
Growth and productivity of aerobic rice are often constrained by severe weed competition and inefficient nitrogen utilisation. Nitrogen nutrition is a key factor influencing crop growth, canopy development and biomass production. Adequate nitrogen supply supports crop growth and can enable the crop to compete effectively with weeds for available resources such as light, nutrients and moisture. The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of nano urea and nano urea-herbicide mixtures on growth attributes of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). A field experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala, during 2023-2025 using a randomised block design with fourteen treatments. The treatments included penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl, bispyribac sodium, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron, each combined with nano urea at different concentrations (0.2, 0.1 and 0.05%), along with herbicide-alone treatments, weed-free check, and weedy check. The results revealed that integration of nano urea with post-emergence herbicides significantly improved growth parameters of rice compared to herbicide-alone treatments and the weedy check. Higher plant height, number of tillers, leaf area and total dry matter production were recorded in treatments receiving herbicide-nano urea combinations due to effective weed suppression and enhanced nitrogen availability. Among the treatments, penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl combined with 0.1 per cent nano urea produced superior growth attributes and was comparable with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron with 0.05 per cent nano urea. The improvement in crop growth due to reduced crop-weed competition and improved nutrient use efficiency associated with better weed management. The study indicates that the integration of nano urea with post-emergence herbicides can enhance the growth performance of aerobic rice, thereby contributing to improved crop productivity.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Nano urea integrated with post-emergence herbicides significantly improved rice growth parameters versus herbicides alone and the weedy check.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- nano urea with post-emergence herbicidese0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- herbicide-alone treatments and the weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integration of nano urea with post-emergence herbicides significantly improved growth parameters of rice compared to herbicide-alone treatments and the weedy check.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide and nano urea combinations gave higher plant height, tiller number, and leaf area.
- Taxon
- Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicide-nano urea combinationse0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of tillers, leaf areae0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher plant height, number of tillers, leaf area and total dry matter production were recorded in treatments receiving herbicide-nano urea combinations”
t0“Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide and nano urea combinations gave higher total dry matter production.
- Taxon
- Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicide-nano urea combinationse0
- Outcome
- total dry matter productione0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher plant height, number of tillers, leaf area and total dry matter production were recorded in treatments receiving herbicide-nano urea combinations”
t0“Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam plus cyhalofop-butyl with 0.1 per cent nano urea produced superior growth attributes.
- Taxon
- Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl combined with 0.1 per cent nano ureae0
- Outcome
- growth attributese0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron with 0.05 per cent nano ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl combined with 0.1 per cent nano urea produced superior growth attributes and was comparable with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron with 0.05 per cent nano urea”
t0“Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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