Abstract
Cd pollution, exacerbated by industrial development in coastal regions, poses a significant threat to wetland ecosystems and human health. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of Cd tolerance in one industrial crop, halophyte Kosteletzkya pentacarpos , focusing on the role of flavonoids and anthocyanins in roots in mitigating Cd stress. Using integrated physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses, we demonstrated that exposure to 20 μM Cd suppressed plant growth and elevated ROS levels, concomitant with the accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins and up-regulation of their biosynthesis related genes in roots. Notably, supplementation with 50 mM NaCl primarily reduced Cd uptake and translocation, thereby lowering internal Cd stress and indirectly dampening the need for flavonoid/anthocyanin upregulation. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified key regulatory modules and hub genes (e.g., PAL-2 , WRKY3 , GR1–2 ) associated with flavonoid biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. Metabolomic profiling further revealed upregulation of metabolites involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in roots under Cd stress. These findings underscored the role of flavonoids and anthocyanins associated with Cd tolerance in roots of K. pentacarpos , providing a robust theoretical foundation for the application of this industrial crop in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated saline soils.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure suppressed plant growth.
- Taxon
- Kosteletzkya pentacarpos
Kosteletzkya pentacarpost0 - Treatment
- 20 μM Cde0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to 20 μM Cd suppressed plant growth and elevated ROS levels”
t0“Kosteletzkya pentacarpos”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure elevated ROS levels.
- Taxon
- Kosteletzkya pentacarposKosteletzkya pentacarpost0
- Treatment
- 20 μM Cde0
- Outcome
- ROS levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to 20 μM Cd suppressed plant growth and elevated ROS levels”
t0“Kosteletzkya pentacarpos”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress was accompanied by root flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation.
- Taxon
- Kosteletzkya pentacarposKosteletzkya pentacarpost0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concomitant with the accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins and up-regulation of their biosynthesis related genes in roots”
t0“Kosteletzkya pentacarpos”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were upregulated in roots.
- Taxon
- Kosteletzkya pentacarposKosteletzkya pentacarpost0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis related genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulation of their biosynthesis related genes in roots”
t0“Kosteletzkya pentacarpos”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl supplementation reduced cadmium uptake and translocation.
- Taxon
- Kosteletzkya pentacarposKosteletzkya pentacarpost0
- Treatment
- 50 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Cd uptake and translocatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplementation with 50 mM NaCl primarily reduced Cd uptake and translocation”
t0“Kosteletzkya pentacarpos”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl lowered internal cadmium stress and dampened flavonoid and anthocyanin upregulation.
- Taxon
- Kosteletzkya pentacarposKosteletzkya pentacarpost0
- Outcome
- internal Cd stresse0
- Direction
- loweringe0
- Qualifier
- dampening the need for flavonoid/anthocyanin upregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby lowering internal Cd stress and indirectly dampening the need for flavonoid/anthocyanin upregulation”
t0“Kosteletzkya pentacarpos”
Claim · model-written summary
WGCNA identified regulatory modules and hub genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis and redox homeostasis.
- Taxon
- Kosteletzkya pentacarposKosteletzkya pentacarpost0
- Gene
- PAL-2 , WRKY3 , GR1–2e0
- Outcome
- flavonoid biosynthesis and redox homeostasise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified key regulatory modules and hub genes (e.g., PAL-2 , WRKY3 , GR1–2 ) associated with flavonoid biosynthesis and redox homeostasis”
t0“Kosteletzkya pentacarpos”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin biosynthesis metabolites were upregulated in roots under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- Kosteletzkya pentacarposKosteletzkya pentacarpost0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- metabolites involved in anthocyanin biosynthesise0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulation of metabolites involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in roots under Cd stress”
t0“Kosteletzkya pentacarpos”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · growth · Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (seashore mallow)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
cadmium atom · physiology: oxidative · Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (seashore mallow)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.