Abstract
Successful establishment of direct-seeded rice (DSR) under deep sowing depends on rapid seedling emergence in darkness, mechanical impedance, and hypoxia conditions under which mesocotyl elongation becomes a decisive adaptive trait. Here, we integrate multi-year phenotyping, anatomy, phytohormone profiling, transcriptional analysis, and bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) in near-isogenic lines to dissect the regulatory basis of mesocotyl elongation and early seedling vigor under deep-sown DSR systems. Deep sowing selectively triggered mesocotyl elongation, enhanced aerenchyma formation, and elevated auxin and ethylene accumulation in tolerant genotypes, while susceptible lines failed to activate these responses. Light exposure strongly suppressed mesocotyl elongation, but this inhibition was attenuated under soil-imposed darkness and mechanical constraint. Genomic analyses converged on rice chromosome 7 as a central regulatory hub, with partially distinct loci governing mesocotyl elongation and integrated emergence. Successful emergence was associated with early repression of growth inhibitors ( Myb30 and ICL ) and depth-induced activation of a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor ( LOC_Os12g08025 ), linking transcriptional regulation with hormonal signaling and anatomical plasticity. Together, these findings define a narrow early developmental window in which coordinated hormonal, anatomical, and genomic programs enable mesocotyl-driven emergence under deep sowing, providing tractable targets for breeding rice cultivars adapted to mechanized DSR systems.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Deep sowing triggered mesocotyl elongation in tolerant genotypes, unlike susceptible lines.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- tolerant genotypese0
- Treatment
- Deep sowinge0
- Outcome
- mesocotyl elongatione0
- Direction
- triggerede0
- Comparator
- susceptible linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep sowing selectively triggered mesocotyl elongation, enhanced aerenchyma formation, and elevated auxin and ethylene accumulation in tolerant genotypes, while susceptible lines failed to activate these responses”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep sowing enhanced aerenchyma formation in tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- tolerant genotypese0
- Treatment
- Deep sowinge0
- Outcome
- aerenchyma formatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- susceptible linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep sowing selectively triggered mesocotyl elongation, enhanced aerenchyma formation, and elevated auxin and ethylene accumulation in tolerant genotypes, while susceptible lines failed to activate these responses”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep sowing elevated auxin and ethylene accumulation in tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- tolerant genotypese0
- Treatment
- Deep sowinge0
- Outcome
- auxin and ethylene accumulatione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- susceptible linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep sowing selectively triggered mesocotyl elongation, enhanced aerenchyma formation, and elevated auxin and ethylene accumulation in tolerant genotypes, while susceptible lines failed to activate these responses”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Light exposure strongly suppressed mesocotyl elongation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Light exposuree0
- Outcome
- mesocotyl elongatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light exposure strongly suppressed mesocotyl elongation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-imposed darkness and mechanical constraint attenuated light inhibition of mesocotyl elongation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil-imposed darkness and mechanical constrainte0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this inhibition was attenuated under soil-imposed darkness and mechanical constraint”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Genomic analyses identified chromosome 7 as a central regulatory hub.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- chromosome 7e0
- Outcome
- central regulatory hube0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genomic analyses converged on rice chromosome 7 as a central regulatory hub”
Claim · model-written summary
Partially distinct loci governed mesocotyl elongation and integrated emergence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- locie0
- Outcome
- mesocotyl elongation and integrated emergencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partially distinct loci governing mesocotyl elongation and integrated emergence”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Successful emergence was associated with early repression of Myb30 and ICL.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- Myb30 and ICLe0
- Outcome
- Successful emergencee0
- Qualifier
- early repressione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Successful emergence was associated with early repression of growth inhibitors ( Myb30 and ICL )”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Successful emergence was associated with depth-induced activation of LOC_Os12g08025.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- LOC_Os12g08025e0
- Outcome
- Successful emergencee0
- Qualifier
- depth-induced activatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Successful emergence was associated with early repression of growth inhibitors ( Myb30 and ICL ) and depth-induced activation of a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor ( LOC_Os12g08025 )”
t0“rice”
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See all 95 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.