Abstract
Germination of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds causes degradation of some antinutritional compounds. At the same time, the content of dietary important compounds, including some carbohydrates, in the sprouts increases. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the soluble carbohydrate profile during germination and growth of fenugreek sprouts in the roots, hypocotyl and cotyledons. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of cold stress and desiccation on the carbohydrate profile in the main parts of the sprouts. Gas chromatography analyses of soluble carbohydrates showed that fenugreek seeds and sprouts contained sixteen soluble carbohydrates. In dry seeds, the main saccharides were raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), sucrose and d-pinitol. During fenugreek germination, the drastic decomposition of RFOs and galactosides of cyclitols occurred faster in the embryonic axis than in the cotyledons. This was accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of monosaccharides and sucrose, as well as d-pinitol and myo-inositol in the developing hypocotyl and roots. Both examined stresses increased sucrose and raffinose concentration in cotyledons and roots, but in the hypocotyl similar changes were observed only under desiccation. The process of desiccation did not affect the d-pinitol content in the cotyledons of fenugreek sprouts, slightly reduced the content in the hypocotyl, but increased its level in the roots. Applied cold stress did not affect the content of d-pinitol and myo-inositol in the cotyledons and hypocotyl of fenugreek sprouts and only slightly reduced their level in the roots. The obtained results indicate different responses of fenugreek sprout organs to vegetation conditions caused by cold and/or desiccation stress. The practically insignificant effect of cold storage and desiccation on the level of d-pinitol and myo-inositol in fenugreek sprouts is new information that will probably be important for consumers.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek seeds and sprouts contained sixteen soluble carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- Fenugreek
Trigonella foenum-graecumt0 - Outcome
- soluble carbohydratese0
- Value
- sixteen soluble carbohydratese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gas chromatography analyses of soluble carbohydrates showed that fenugreek seeds and sprouts contained sixteen soluble carbohydrates.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Raffinose family oligosaccharides, sucrose and d-pinitol were the main saccharides in dry seeds.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- dry seedse0
- Outcome
- main saccharidese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In dry seeds, the main saccharides were raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), sucrose and d-pinitol.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
During germination, RFOs and galactosides of cyclitols decomposed faster in the embryonic axis than in cotyledons.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- embryonic axise0
- Outcome
- decomposition of RFOs and galactosides of cyclitolse0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- cotyledonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During fenugreek germination, the drastic decomposition of RFOs and galactosides of cyclitols occurred faster in the embryonic axis than in the cotyledons.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Monosaccharides, sucrose, d-pinitol and myo-inositol concentrations rose in developing hypocotyls and roots.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- developing hypocotyl and rootse0
- Outcome
- concentrations of monosaccharides and sucrosee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of monosaccharides and sucrose, as well as d-pinitol and myo-inositol in the developing hypocotyl and roots.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
D-pinitol and myo-inositol concentrations also rose in developing hypocotyls and roots.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- developing hypocotyl and rootse0
- Outcome
- d-pinitol and myo-inositole0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of monosaccharides and sucrose, as well as d-pinitol and myo-inositol in the developing hypocotyl and roots.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress increased sucrose and raffinose in cotyledons and roots.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledons and rootse0
- Treatment
- stressese0
- Outcome
- sucrose and raffinose concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both examined stresses increased sucrose and raffinose concentration in cotyledons and roots, but in the hypocotyl similar changes were observed only under desiccation.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Desiccation increased sucrose and raffinose in cotyledons and roots.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledons and rootse0
- Treatment
- desiccatione0
- Outcome
- sucrose and raffinose concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both examined stresses increased sucrose and raffinose concentration in cotyledons and roots, but in the hypocotyl similar changes were observed only under desiccation.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only desiccation produced similar sucrose and raffinose increases in hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotyle0
- Treatment
- desiccatione0
- Outcome
- sucrose and raffinose concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both examined stresses increased sucrose and raffinose concentration in cotyledons and roots, but in the hypocotyl similar changes were observed only under desiccation.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Desiccation did not change d-pinitol in sprout cotyledons.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- desiccatione0
- Outcome
- d-pinitol contente0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of desiccation did not affect the d-pinitol content in the cotyledons of fenugreek sprouts, slightly reduced the content in the hypocotyl, but increased its level in the roots.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Desiccation slightly reduced d-pinitol content in hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotyle0
- Treatment
- desiccatione0
- Outcome
- d-pinitol contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of desiccation did not affect the d-pinitol content in the cotyledons of fenugreek sprouts, slightly reduced the content in the hypocotyl, but increased its level in the roots.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Desiccation increased d-pinitol in roots.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- desiccatione0
- Outcome
- d-pinitol contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The process of desiccation did not affect the d-pinitol content in the cotyledons of fenugreek sprouts, slightly reduced the content in the hypocotyl, but increased its level in the roots.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress did not alter d-pinitol or myo-inositol in cotyledons and hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledons and hypocotyle0
- Treatment
- cold stresse0
- Outcome
- content of d-pinitol and myo-inositole0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applied cold stress did not affect the content of d-pinitol and myo-inositol in the cotyledons and hypocotyl of fenugreek sprouts and only slightly reduced their level in the roots.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress slightly reduced d-pinitol and myo-inositol in roots.
- Taxon
- FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- cold stresse0
- Outcome
- content of d-pinitol and myo-inositole0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applied cold stress did not affect the content of d-pinitol and myo-inositol in the cotyledons and hypocotyl of fenugreek sprouts and only slightly reduced their level in the roots.”
t0“Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
cold · molecular: metabolites · Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
drought · molecular: metabolites · Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.