Abstract
Abiotic stresses, notably cold stress, significantly influence various aspects of plant development and reproduction. Various approaches have been proposed to counteract the adverse impacts of cold stress on plant productivity. The unique properties of nanoparticles contribute to an enhanced tolerance of plants to challenging conditions. This study explores the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) on cold-stress tolerance in fenugreek, as well as genes expression involved in the diosgenin biosynthesis pathway. Varied concentrations of TiO 2 NPs (0, 2, 5, and 10 ppm) were sprayed on fenugreek plants subjected to cold stress at 10 °C during 6, 24, and 48 h. Our findings revealed that the utilization of 2 and 5 ppm of TiO 2 NPs, positively influenced pigments biosynthesis and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. It also effectively reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, mitigating the adverse effects of cold stress. The study also highlighted TiO 2 NPs’ affirmative impact on defense signaling pathways, including abscisic acid, nitric oxide, and auxin, in fenugreek. Moreover, TiO 2 NPs significantly influenced the expression of genes related to diosgenin biosynthesis. Simultaneous exposure to cold stress and TiO 2 NPs led to a substantial increase in diosgenin content, with the upregulation of SEP , SQS , CAS , and SSR genes compared to control conditions. This research indicated that TiO 2 NPs application could effectively stimulate fenugreek biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, consequently enhancing plant tolerance to cold stress. The study’s outcomes hold promise for potential applications in the metabolic engineering of diosgenin in fenugreek.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying 2 ppm TiO 2 NPs increased pigments biosynthesis and antioxidant activities in cold stressed fenugreek.
- Taxon
- fenugreek
Trigonella foenum-graecumt0 - Treatment
- 2 and 5 ppm of TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- pigments biosynthesis and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activitiese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the utilization of 2 and 5 ppm of TiO 2 NPs, positively influenced pigments biosynthesis and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities.”
t0“cold-stress tolerance in fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO 2 NPs reduced electrolyte leakage in cold stressed fenugreek.
- Taxon
- Trigonella foenum-graecum L.Trigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our findings revealed that the utilization of 2 and 5 ppm of TiO 2 NPs, positively influenced pigments biosynthesis and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. It also effectively reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, mitigating the adverse effects of cold stress.”
t0“Trigonella foenum-graecum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO 2 NPs reduced malondialdehyde content in cold stressed fenugreek.
- Taxon
- Trigonella foenum-graecum L.Trigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our findings revealed that the utilization of 2 and 5 ppm of TiO 2 NPs, positively influenced pigments biosynthesis and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. It also effectively reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, mitigating the adverse effects of cold stress.”
t0“Trigonella foenum-graecum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO 2 NPs positively affected abscisic acid, nitric oxide and auxin defense signaling pathways in fenugreek.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecume0
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NPse0
- Compound
- abscisic acid, nitric oxide, and auxine0
- Outcome
- defense signaling pathwayse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TiO 2 NPs’ affirmative impact on defense signaling pathways, including abscisic acid, nitric oxide, and auxin, in fenugreek.”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO 2 NPs significantly influenced expression of genes related to diosgenin biosynthesis in fenugreek.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- expression of genes related to diosgenin biosynthesise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TiO 2 NPs significantly influenced the expression of genes related to diosgenin biosynthesis.”
t0“cold-stress tolerance in fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cold stress and TiO 2 NPs substantially increased fenugreek diosgenin content relative to control.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous exposure to cold stress and TiO 2 NPse0
- Outcome
- diosgenin contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- control conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneous exposure to cold stress and TiO 2 NPs led to a substantial increase in diosgenin content, with the upregulation of SEP , SQS , CAS , and SSR genes compared to control conditions.”
t0“cold-stress tolerance in fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cold stress and TiO 2 NPs upregulated SEP, SQS and CAS genes in fenugreek relative to control.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous exposure to cold stress and TiO 2 NPse0
- Gene
- SEP , SQS , CASe0
- Outcome
- upregulatione0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
- Comparator
- control conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneous exposure to cold stress and TiO 2 NPs led to a substantial increase in diosgenin content, with the upregulation of SEP , SQS , CAS , and SSR genes compared to control conditions.”
t0“cold-stress tolerance in fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cold stress and TiO 2 NPs upregulated SSR in fenugreek relative to control.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous exposure to cold stress and TiO 2 NPse0
- Gene
- SSRe0
- Outcome
- upregulatione0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
- Comparator
- control conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneous exposure to cold stress and TiO 2 NPs led to a substantial increase in diosgenin content, with the upregulation of SEP , SQS , CAS , and SSR genes compared to control conditions.”
t0“cold-stress tolerance in fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO 2 NPs application could stimulate fenugreek primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and enhance cold tolerance.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecume0
- Treatment
- TiO 2 NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant tolerance to cold stresse0
- Qualifier
- biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TiO 2 NPs application could effectively stimulate fenugreek biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, consequently enhancing plant tolerance to cold stress.”
The same questions in other papers
nanoparticle · physiology: oxidative · Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
cold · molecular: metabolites · Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
nanoparticle · molecular: expression · Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · molecular: metabolites · Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
nanoparticle · physiology: pigments · Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.