Abstract
The maize polyubiquitin promoter (ZmUbi) is a mainstay in molecular biology for transgene expression and is used for constitutive expression of defense related gene products. Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene that produces the red pigment betalain. Some lines showed transgene silencing with reduced RUBY transcript accumulation and chimeric sectors of betalain. Infection of these plants with Blumeria graminis, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) or P. triticina (Pt) each resulted in localised betalain accumulation at infection sites and increased RUBY transcript accumulation. In contrast, two isolates of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) caused no detectable RUBY transcript accumulation and no visible betalain accumulation at infection sites, although a modest betalain increase was detected in infected tissue extracts. Compared with Pst, Pgt more strongly induced host genes involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory processes, although no obvious pathogen-induced changes in ZmUbi promoter methylation were observed. ZmUbi-GUS transgenic wheat plants were also pathogen challenged and, unlike Pst, both Pgt and Pt induced localised GUS staining at infection sites. Database mining showed the endogenous maize polyubiquitin gene from which ZmUbi is derived was pathogen inducible, albeit in a species-specific fashion. These pathogen differences in ZmUbi induction have implications when using this regulatory element to express defense related transgenes in wheat. Comparing the resistance efficacy of transgenes against different pathogens using this promoter is potentially influenced by significant, localised expression differences occurring at infection sites of different pathogen species.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with Blumeria graminis resulted in localised betalain accumulation at infection sites in transgenic wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Infectione1
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminis
Blumeria graminise1pathogen - Outcome
- localised betalain accumulation at infection sitese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e1“Infection of these plants with Blumeria graminis, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) or P. triticina (Pt) each resulted in localised betalain accumulation at infection sites and increased RUBY transcript accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with Blumeria graminis increased RUBY transcript accumulation in transgenic wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Infectione1
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminisBlumeria graminise1pathogen
- Outcome
- RUBY transcript accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e1“Infection of these plants with Blumeria graminis, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) or P. triticina (Pt) each resulted in localised betalain accumulation at infection sites and increased RUBY transcript accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) resulted in localised betalain accumulation at infection sites in transgenic wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Infectione1
- Interactor
- Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt)
Puccinia graminis f. sp. triticie1pathogen - Outcome
- localised betalain accumulation at infection sitese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e1“Infection of these plants with Blumeria graminis, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) or P. triticina (Pt) each resulted in localised betalain accumulation at infection sites and increased RUBY transcript accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) increased RUBY transcript accumulation in transgenic wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Infectione1
- Interactor
- Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt)Puccinia graminis f. sp. triticie1pathogen
- Outcome
- RUBY transcript accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e1“Infection of these plants with Blumeria graminis, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) or P. triticina (Pt) each resulted in localised betalain accumulation at infection sites and increased RUBY transcript accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with P. triticina (Pt) resulted in localised betalain accumulation at infection sites in transgenic wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Infectione1
- Interactor
- P. triticina (Pt)
Puccinia triticinae1pathogen - Outcome
- localised betalain accumulation at infection sitese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e1“Infection of these plants with Blumeria graminis, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) or P. triticina (Pt) each resulted in localised betalain accumulation at infection sites and increased RUBY transcript accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with P. triticina (Pt) increased RUBY transcript accumulation in transgenic wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Infectione1
- Interactor
- P. triticina (Pt)Puccinia triticinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- RUBY transcript accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e1“Infection of these plants with Blumeria graminis, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) or P. triticina (Pt) each resulted in localised betalain accumulation at infection sites and increased RUBY transcript accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) caused no detectable RUBY transcript accumulation in transgenic wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- infectione2
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst)
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie2pathogen - Outcome
- RUBY transcript accumulatione2
- Direction
- no detectablee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e2“two isolates of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) caused no detectable RUBY transcript accumulation and no visible betalain accumulation at infection sites, although a modest betalain increase was detected in infected tissue extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) caused no visible betalain accumulation at infection sites in transgenic wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- infectione2
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst)Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie2pathogen
- Outcome
- visible betalain accumulation at infection sitese2
- Direction
- no visiblee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e2“two isolates of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) caused no detectable RUBY transcript accumulation and no visible betalain accumulation at infection sites, although a modest betalain increase was detected in infected tissue extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) caused a modest betalain increase in infected tissue extracts of transgenic wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- infectione2
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst)Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie2pathogen
- Outcome
- betalaine2
- Direction
- modest betalain increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e2“two isolates of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) caused no detectable RUBY transcript accumulation and no visible betalain accumulation at infection sites, although a modest betalain increase was detected in infected tissue extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with Pst, Pgt more strongly induced host genes involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory processes in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Pgte3
- Interactor
- Pgte3pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pste3pathogen
- Outcome
- host genes involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory processese3
- Direction
- more strongly inducede3
- Comparator
- Pste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e3“Compared with Pst, Pgt more strongly induced host genes involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory processes”
Claim · model-written summary
No obvious pathogen-induced changes in ZmUbi promoter methylation were observed in transgenic wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- pathogen-induced changes in ZmUbi promoter methylatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic wheat lines were produced expressing a ZmUbi-RUBY reporter gene”
e4“although no obvious pathogen-induced changes in ZmUbi promoter methylation were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen challenge of ZmUbi-GUS wheat induced localised GUS staining at infection sites by Pgt.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- pathogen challengede6
- Interactor
- Pgte5pathogen
- Outcome
- localised GUS staining at infection sitese5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“ZmUbi-GUS transgenic wheat plants were also pathogen challenged”
e5“unlike Pst, both Pgt and Pt induced localised GUS staining at infection sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen challenge of ZmUbi-GUS wheat induced localised GUS staining at infection sites by Pt.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- pathogen challengede6
- Interactor
- Pte5pathogen
- Outcome
- localised GUS staining at infection sitese5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“ZmUbi-GUS transgenic wheat plants were also pathogen challenged”
e5“unlike Pst, both Pgt and Pt induced localised GUS staining at infection sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Pst did not induce localised GUS staining at infection sites in ZmUbi-GUS wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- pathogen challengede6
- Interactor
- Pste5pathogen
- Outcome
- localised GUS staining at infection sitese5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“ZmUbi-GUS transgenic wheat plants were also pathogen challenged”
e5“unlike Pst, both Pgt and Pt induced localised GUS staining at infection sites”
Claim · model-written summary
The endogenous maize polyubiquitin gene from which ZmUbi is derived is pathogen inducible, in a species-specific fashion.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the endogenous maize polyubiquitin gene from which ZmUbi is derived was pathogen inducible, albeit in a species-specific fashion”