Abstract
Clubroot caused by the protist pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin is a major disease in Brassicaceae crops. Growing clubroot-resistant cultivars remains the most effective and practical control strategy, but diverse or emerging pathotypes can often overcome resistance genes deployed. In this study, we identified POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT 4 (PMR4) as a potential host susceptibility factor that can be targeted as a novel genetic resource for durable clubroot resistance. Recessive PMR4 mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana conferred strong resistance to multiple P. brassicae pathotypes, independent of salicylic acid-mediated plant immunity. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we edited 2 PMR4 orthologs in the Brassica napus genome, and the resulting homozygous mutants exhibited resistance to both powdery mildew and clubroot diseases. This study reveals that P. brassicae infection induces callose deposition in Arabidopsis and B. napus roots in a PMR4-dependent manner, similar to wound- and powdery mildew-induced callose deposition in Arabidopsis leaves. The Arabidopsis pmr4-1 mutation does not affect P. brassicae primary infection but blocks the pathogen entry from epidermal cells to the stele in a jasmonic acid signaling-dependent manner, which coincides with accumulation of lignin-like and suberin compounds in periderm cell walls. Together, these findings establish PMR4-encoded callose synthase as a host susceptibility factor facilitating secondary infection by P. brassicae and demonstrate its potential as a gene-editing target for enhancing resistance to powdery mildew, clubroot, and possibly other biotic and abiotic stresses in Brassicaceae crops.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Recessive PMR4 mutations in Arabidopsis conferred strong resistance to multiple Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae3 - Treatment
- Recessive PMR4 mutationse3
- Interactor
- P. brassicae
.jpg?width=60)
Plasmodiophora brassicaee3pathogen - Gene
- PMR4e3
- Outcome
- resistancee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e3“Recessive PMR4 mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana conferred strong resistance to multiple P. brassicae pathotypes, independent of salicylic acid-mediated plant immunity”
Claim · model-written summary
Homozygous CRISPR-edited PMR4 orthologs in Brassica napus conferred resistance to powdery mildew and clubroot.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse4 - Material
- homozygous mutantse4
- Treatment
- edited 2 PMR4 orthologse4
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe4pathogen
- Second interactor
- clubroote4pathogen
- Gene
- PMR4 orthologse4
- Outcome
- resistancee4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e4“we edited 2 PMR4 orthologs in the Brassica napus genome, and the resulting homozygous mutants exhibited resistance to both powdery mildew and clubroot diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Plasmodiophora brassicae infection induced callose deposition in Arabidopsis roots in a PMR4-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise5
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Treatment
- P. brassicae infectione5
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee5pathogen
- Gene
- PMR4e5
- Outcome
- callose depositione5
- Direction
- inducese5
- Qualifier
- in a PMR4-dependent mannere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“P. brassicae infection induces callose deposition in Arabidopsis and B. napus roots in a PMR4-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Plasmodiophora brassicae infection induced callose deposition in Brassica napus roots in a PMR4-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- B. napusBrassica napuse5
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Treatment
- P. brassicae infectione5
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee5pathogen
- Gene
- PMR4e5
- Outcome
- callose depositione5
- Direction
- inducese5
- Qualifier
- in a PMR4-dependent mannere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“P. brassicae infection induces callose deposition in Arabidopsis and B. napus roots in a PMR4-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
The pmr4-1 mutation did not affect primary infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise6
- Material
- pmr4-1e6
- Treatment
- pmr4-1 mutatione6
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee6pathogen
- Outcome
- primary infectione6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The Arabidopsis pmr4-1 mutation does not affect P. brassicae primary infection but blocks the pathogen entry from epidermal cells to the stele in a jasmonic acid signaling-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
The pmr4-1 mutation blocked pathogen entry from epidermal cells to the stele in a jasmonic acid signaling-dependent manner in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise6
- Material
- pmr4-1e6
- Organ / stage
- epidermal cellse6
- Treatment
- pmr4-1 mutatione6
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee6pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen entry from epidermal cells to the stelee6
- Qualifier
- jasmonic acid signaling-dependent mannere6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The Arabidopsis pmr4-1 mutation does not affect P. brassicae primary infection but blocks the pathogen entry from epidermal cells to the stele in a jasmonic acid signaling-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocked pathogen entry in pmr4-1 coincided with accumulation of lignin-like and suberin compounds in periderm cell walls of Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise6
- Organ / stage
- periderm cell wallse7
- Treatment
- pmr4-1 mutatione6
- Compound
- lignin-like and suberin compoundse7
- Outcome
- accumulatione7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The Arabidopsis pmr4-1 mutation does not affect P. brassicae primary infection but blocks the pathogen entry from epidermal cells to the stele in a jasmonic acid signaling-dependent manner”
e7“which coincides with accumulation of lignin-like and suberin compounds in periderm cell walls”
Claim · model-written summary
PMR4-encoded callose synthase is a host susceptibility factor facilitating secondary infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis and Brassica napusArabidopsisBrassica napust0
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee0pathogen
- Gene
- PMR4-encoded callose synthasee0
- Outcome
- secondary infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus”
e0“Together, these findings establish PMR4-encoded callose synthase as a host susceptibility factor facilitating secondary infection by P. brassicae”
Claim · model-written summary
PMR4 is a gene-editing target for enhancing resistance to powdery mildew and clubroot in Brassicaceae crops.
- Taxon
- Brassicaceae cropsBrassicaceaee0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- clubroote0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to powdery mildew, clubroote0
Verbatim
e0“demonstrate its potential as a gene-editing target for enhancing resistance to powdery mildew, clubroot, and possibly other biotic and abiotic stresses in Brassicaceae crops”
Claim · model-written summary
PMR4 was identified as a potential host susceptibility factor in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis and Brassica napusArabidopsisBrassica napust0
- Gene
- POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT 4 (PMR4)e2
- Outcome
- host susceptibility factore2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus”
e2“we identified POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT 4 (PMR4) as a potential host susceptibility factor that can be targeted as a novel genetic resource for durable clubroot resistance”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Plasmodiophora brassicae · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
loss of function · Plasmodiophora brassicae · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
loss of function · disease · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.