Abstract
Potato is the main source of income for the growers of middle Punjab, Pakistan. Despite being a key cash crop, potato yields remain below potential, mainly due to inefficient fertilizer management in alkaline sandy loam soils, necessitating strategies that can enhance tuber yields. This 2‐year study aimed to enhance potato yield by optimizing fertilizer application strategies, comparing conventional synthetic phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) applications with plant growth–promoting bacteria (PGPB)–coated biofertilizers. Potato cv. Sante was evaluated under three treatments: four split applications of synthetic P:N (185:250 kg ha −1 , control) fertilizer, six split applications of synthetic P:N (185:250 kg ha −1 ) fertilizer, and six split applications of PGPB‐coated P:N (185:250 kg ha −1 ) biofertilizer. Results showed that increasing the number of split applications improved all growth attributes. The highest performance was recorded with PGPB‐coated biofertilizers, which enhanced intercellular CO 2 concentration by 91.6%, photosynthetic rate by 8.9%, and water use efficiency by 37.4% to the control, while reducing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by 15.5% and 20.6%, respectively. Although photosynthetic rate correlated weakly with total yield, it showed a moderate relationship with rashan‐grade yield. Overall, PGPB‐coated P:N (185:250 kg ha −1 ) biofertilizers applied in six splits significantly improved total and rashan‐grade yields while minimizing downgrade yield. These findings support the use of PGPB‐coated biofertilizers as an eco‐friendly and efficient strategy for boosting potato productivity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
More split applications improved growth attributes.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- increasing the number of split applicationse0
- Outcome
- all growth attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the number of split applications improved all growth attributes”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB-coated fertilizer increased intercellular CO2 concentration by 91.6% relative to control.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PGPB‐coated biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO 2 concentratione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 91.6%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPB‐coated biofertilizers, which enhanced intercellular CO 2 concentration by 91.6%, photosynthetic rate by 8.9%, and water use efficiency by 37.4% to the control”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB-coated fertilizer increased photosynthetic rate by 8.9% relative to control.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PGPB‐coated biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 8.9%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPB‐coated biofertilizers, which enhanced intercellular CO 2 concentration by 91.6%, photosynthetic rate by 8.9%, and water use efficiency by 37.4% to the control”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB-coated fertilizer increased water use efficiency by 37.4% relative to control.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PGPB‐coated biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 37.4%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPB‐coated biofertilizers, which enhanced intercellular CO 2 concentration by 91.6%, photosynthetic rate by 8.9%, and water use efficiency by 37.4% to the control”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB-coated fertilizer reduced stomatal conductance by 15.5%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 15.5%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by 15.5% and 20.6%, respectively”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB-coated fertilizer reduced transpiration rate by 20.6%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 20.6%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by 15.5% and 20.6%, respectively”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic rate correlated weakly with total yield.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Qualifier
- weaklye0
Not reportedOrgan / stageTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic rate correlated weakly with total yield”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic rate showed a moderate relationship with rashan-grade yield.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- rashan‐grade yielde0
- Qualifier
- moderatee0
Not reportedOrgan / stageTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it showed a moderate relationship with rashan‐grade yield”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Six splits of PGPB-coated P:N biofertilizer significantly improved total yield.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PGPB‐coated P:N (185:250 kg ha −1 ) biofertilizers applied in six splitse0
- Outcome
- totale0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPB‐coated P:N (185:250 kg ha −1 ) biofertilizers applied in six splits significantly improved total and rashan‐grade yields while minimizing downgrade yield”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Six splits of PGPB-coated P:N biofertilizer significantly improved rashan-grade yield.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PGPB‐coated P:N (185:250 kg ha −1 ) biofertilizers applied in six splitse0
- Outcome
- rashan‐grade yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPB‐coated P:N (185:250 kg ha −1 ) biofertilizers applied in six splits significantly improved total and rashan‐grade yields while minimizing downgrade yield”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Six splits of PGPB-coated P:N biofertilizer minimized downgrade yield.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PGPB‐coated P:N (185:250 kg ha −1 ) biofertilizers applied in six splitse0
- Outcome
- downgrade yielde0
- Direction
- minimizinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPB‐coated P:N (185:250 kg ha −1 ) biofertilizers applied in six splits significantly improved total and rashan‐grade yields while minimizing downgrade yield”
t0“Potato”
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