Abstract
Excess zinc (Zn) has an important effect on seed yield and quality, as well as the possibility of subsequent processing. In this study, we investigated the effect of excess Zn concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg kg−1) in the substrate on the seed yield and selected biochemical parameters of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds. The following parameters were investigated: seed yield, individual lipid classes were analyzed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC); gas–liquid chromatography with mass-selective detection (GS-MS) was used to analyze the fatty acid (FA) profile; and trace elements were detected using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was found that Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1 caused a decrease in the number of S. alba pods, and the 1000-seed weight also decreased at a Zn concentration of 150 mg kg−1. The Zn concentration in seeds from plants grown on contaminated substrate was higher than the control values and government standard thresholds. Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1 caused a slight increase in the content of triacylglycerols (up to 1.35–1.36% dry weight) and the total content of unsaturated FAs along with a decrease in saturated and total FAs. Zn at a concentration of 50 mg kg−1 stimulated an increase in the total FA content. A high erucic acid content in S. alba seeds was observed in all studied variants. A mathematical model was used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of biofuels. The parameters relating to the FA composition of seeds of plants grown on a Zn-contaminated substrate did not deteriorate, and in the case of the kinematic viscosity coefficient, they were even improved compared to the control plants and complied with American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) standards for biofuels. The obtained data indicate a negative effect of high Zn concentrations on seed yield. Changes in the FA composition of S. alba seeds may reduce their value for the production of edible oils due to the high content of erucic acid, but they could be used to produce technical oils (biofuel).
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 100 and 150 mg kg−1 in the substrate decreased the number of white mustard pods.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.
Sinapis albae1 - Treatment
- Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1e3
- Outcome
- number of S. alba podse3
- Direction
- decreasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e3“Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1 caused a decrease in the number of S. alba pods”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 150 mg kg−1 decreased the 1000-seed weight of white mustard.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Treatment
- a Zn concentration of 150 mg kg−1e4
- Outcome
- 1000-seed weighte4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e4“the 1000-seed weight also decreased at a Zn concentration of 150 mg kg−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds from plants grown on contaminated substrate had higher Zn concentration than control values and government standard thresholds.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Treatment
- plants grown on contaminated substratee5
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in seedse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- control values and government standard thresholdse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e5“The Zn concentration in seeds from plants grown on contaminated substrate was higher than the control values and government standard thresholds”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 100 and 150 mg kg−1 caused a slight increase in seed triacylglycerol content of white mustard, up to 1.35–1.36% dry weight.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Treatment
- Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1e6
- Outcome
- content of triacylglycerolse6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- up to 1.35–1.36% dry weighte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e6“Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1 caused a slight increase in the content of triacylglycerols (up to 1.35–1.36% dry weight) and the total content of unsaturated FAs along with a decrease in saturated and total FAs”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 100 and 150 mg kg−1 increased the total content of unsaturated fatty acids of white mustard seeds.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Treatment
- Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1e6
- Outcome
- total content of unsaturated FAse6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e6“Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1 caused a slight increase in the content of triacylglycerols (up to 1.35–1.36% dry weight) and the total content of unsaturated FAs along with a decrease in saturated and total FAs”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 100 and 150 mg kg−1 decreased saturated and total fatty acid content of white mustard seeds.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Treatment
- Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1e6
- Outcome
- saturated and total FAse6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e6“Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1 caused a slight increase in the content of triacylglycerols (up to 1.35–1.36% dry weight) and the total content of unsaturated FAs along with a decrease in saturated and total FAs”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 50 mg kg−1 increased total fatty acid content of white mustard seeds.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Treatment
- Zn at a concentration of 50 mg kg−1e7
- Outcome
- total FA contente7
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e7“Zn at a concentration of 50 mg kg−1 stimulated an increase in the total FA content”
Claim · model-written summary
White mustard seeds had high erucic acid content in all studied zinc variants.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Outcome
- erucic acid contente2
- Qualifier
- in all studied variantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e2“A high erucic acid content in S. alba seeds was observed in all studied variants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fatty acid composition parameters of seeds from zinc-contaminated substrate did not deteriorate relative to the untreated level.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Treatment
- plants grown on a Zn-contaminated substratee2
- Outcome
- parameters relating to the FA compositione2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e2“The parameters relating to the FA composition of seeds of plants grown on a Zn-contaminated substrate did not deteriorate”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc-contaminated substrate improved the kinematic viscosity coefficient of white mustard seed oil compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Treatment
- Zn-contaminated substratee2
- Outcome
- kinematic viscosity coefficiente3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Comparator
- control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e2“The parameters relating to the FA composition of seeds of plants grown on a Zn-contaminated substrate did not deteriorate”
e3“in the case of the kinematic viscosity coefficient, they were even improved compared to the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fatty acid composition parameters of white mustard seeds from zinc-contaminated substrate complied with American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) biofuel standards.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Outcome
- parameters relating to the FA compositione2
- Qualifier
- complied with American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) standards for biofuelse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e2“The parameters relating to the FA composition of seeds of plants grown on a Zn-contaminated substrate did not deteriorate”
e4“complied with American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) standards for biofuels”
Claim · model-written summary
High zinc concentrations decreased seed yield of white mustard.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Treatment
- high Zn concentrationse2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e2“The obtained data indicate a negative effect of high Zn concentrations on seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess-zinc white mustard seeds could be used to produce technical oils (biofuel).
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Outcome
- produce technical oils (biofuel)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e2“they could be used to produce technical oils (biofuel)”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in fatty acid composition may reduce the value of white mustard seeds for edible oil production because of their high erucic acid content.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
- Compound
- erucic acide2
- Outcome
- value for the production of edible oilse2
- Direction
- reducee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
e2“Changes in the FA composition of S. alba seeds may reduce their value for the production of edible oils due to the high content of erucic acid”
The same questions in other papers
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2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →growing medium · nutrient: content · Sinapis alba (white mustard)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.