Abstract
ABSTRACT Waterlogging damage is a key disaster threatening global crop yields. However, the impact of waterlogging stress on the growth and development of spring maize from the perspective of root‐soil interaction is poorly understood. A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of waterlogging regimes on the root morphology, anaerobic respiration, rhizosphere soil enzyme activity, dry matter accumulation and yield of spring maize, as well as the recovery of each index after termination of waterlogging stress in 2019. The waterlogging regimes were performed for different durations (5, 10 and 15 days, respectively) at the seedling (V4) and heading (VT) stages, with non‐waterlogging treatment as control (CK). Results showed that with the prolongation of waterlogging duration, root vigour, activities of invertase, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase in rhizosphere soil reduced, while the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase in the anaerobic respiration pathway increased, also exacerbating the accumulation of lactic acid and ethanol, thereby reducing root length, root surface area, root activity and root dry weight. The greatest reductions in maize yield occurred at 15 days of waterlogging at the seedling and heading stages. Random forest analysis showed that root vigour was an important factor affecting root dry weight at the seedling and heading stages. The structural equation model showed that waterlogging durations and waterlogging regimes significantly affected root morphology and dry weight at the seedling stage rather than the heading stage, indicating that the seedling stage was more sensitive to waterlogging regimes than the heading stage. After the termination of waterlogging stress, maize roots recovered faster under short‐term waterlogging stress than under long‐term waterlogging stress. This study provided a theoretical basis for clarifying the adaptive mechanisms of crop roots under waterlogging stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Longer waterlogging reduced maize root vigour.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of spring maize”
e1“with the prolongation of waterlogging duration, root vigour, activities of invertase, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase in rhizosphere soil reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer waterlogging reduced rhizosphere soil invertase, urease and acid phosphatase activities.
- Treatment
- waterlogging duratione1
- Outcome
- activities of invertase, urease, acid phosphatasee1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of spring maize”
e1“with the prolongation of waterlogging duration, root vigour, activities of invertase, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase in rhizosphere soil reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer waterlogging reduced rhizosphere soil catalase activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of spring maize”
e1“with the prolongation of waterlogging duration, root vigour, activities of invertase, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase in rhizosphere soil reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer waterlogging increased lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase activities.
- Treatment
- waterlogging duratione1
- Outcome
- activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylasee2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of spring maize”
e1“with the prolongation of waterlogging duration”
e2“the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase in the anaerobic respiration pathway increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer waterlogging exacerbated accumulation of lactic acid and ethanol.
- Treatment
- waterlogging duratione1
- Outcome
- accumulation of lactic acid and ethanole2
- Direction
- exacerbatinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of spring maize”
e1“with the prolongation of waterlogging duration”
e2“exacerbating the accumulation of lactic acid and ethanol”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer waterlogging reduced root length, surface area and activity.
- Treatment
- waterlogging duratione1
- Outcome
- root length, root surface area, root activitye2
- Direction
- reducinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of spring maize”
e1“with the prolongation of waterlogging duration”
e2“reducing root length, root surface area, root activity and root dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer waterlogging reduced root dry weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of spring maize”
e1“with the prolongation of waterlogging duration”
e2“reducing root length, root surface area, root activity and root dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifteen days of waterlogging at seedling and heading stages caused the greatest maize yield reductions.
- Organ / stage
- seedling and heading stagese0
- Treatment
- 15 days of waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- greatest reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest reductions in maize yield occurred at 15 days of waterlogging at the seedling and heading stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Root vigour was an important predictor of root dry weight at seedling and heading stages.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of spring maize”
e1“Random forest analysis showed that root vigour was an important factor affecting root dry weight at the seedling and heading stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging duration and regime significantly affected root morphology and dry weight at seedling stage but not heading stage.
- Organ / stage
- seedling stage rather than the heading stagee1
- Treatment
- waterlogging durations and waterlogging regimese1
- Outcome
- root morphology and dry weighte1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of spring maize”
e1“waterlogging durations and waterlogging regimes significantly affected root morphology and dry weight at the seedling stage rather than the heading stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize roots recovered faster after short-term than long-term waterlogging.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- short‐term waterlogging stresse0
- Outcome
- roots recoverede0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- long‐term waterlogging stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the termination of waterlogging stress, maize roots recovered faster under short‐term waterlogging stress than under long‐term waterlogging stress”
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