Abstract
Increasing interest in sustainable crop production has emphasized the need for biostimulants capable of enhancing plant physiological parameters while reducing dependence on chemical inputs. In this context, the present study assessed the effects of two Trichoderma strains (T. harzianum and T. brevicompactum) on chlorophyll, epidermal flavonols, anthocyanins, and the nitrogen balance index (NBI) in two sweet corn hybrids under field conditions. Non-destructive measurements were performed using the Dualex Scientific sensor every two weeks across six phenological stages, and data were analyzed through a three-way ANOVA to evaluate week, hybrid, and treatment effects. Week was the dominant source of variation for all parameters. Both Trichoderma strains increased chlorophyll indices, with the most significant differences recorded in week three, where chlorophyll content increased by up to 68% in Bonanca and 84% in Union compared with the control. Flavonol content increased significantly in later stages, particularly in weeks three and five, while anthocyanin responses were hybridspecific and expressed through significant interaction effects. NBI values also improved, mostly in week six in Bonanca and week five in Union. Overall, the findings show that Trichoderma spp. induce specific physiological responses in sweet corn and highlight the value of non-destructive sensing for monitoring these effects in field conditions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma strains increased chlorophyll content in Bonanca by up to 68% compared with the control, with the largest differences in week three under field conditions.
- Taxon
- sweet corne2
- Material
- Bonancae1
- Treatment
- Trichoderma strainse1
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume2symbiont - Second interactor
- T. brevicompactumTrichoderma brevicompactume2symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 68%e1
- Qualifier
- in week threee1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- under field conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Both Trichoderma strains increased chlorophyll indices, with the most significant differences recorded in week three, where chlorophyll content increased by up to 68% in Bonanca and 84% in Union compared with the control”
e2“the present study assessed the effects of two Trichoderma strains (T. harzianum and T. brevicompactum) on chlorophyll, epidermal flavonols, anthocyanins, and the nitrogen balance index (NBI) in two sweet corn hybrids under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma strains increased chlorophyll content in Union by up to 84% compared with the control, with the largest differences in week three under field conditions.
- Taxon
- sweet corne2
- Material
- Unione1
- Treatment
- Trichoderma strainse1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume2symbiont
- Second interactor
- T. brevicompactumTrichoderma brevicompactume2symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 84%e1
- Qualifier
- in week threee1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- under field conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Both Trichoderma strains increased chlorophyll indices, with the most significant differences recorded in week three, where chlorophyll content increased by up to 68% in Bonanca and 84% in Union compared with the control”
e2“the present study assessed the effects of two Trichoderma strains (T. harzianum and T. brevicompactum) on chlorophyll, epidermal flavonols, anthocyanins, and the nitrogen balance index (NBI) in two sweet corn hybrids under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma spp. significantly increased flavonol content in sweet corn in later stages, particularly in weeks three and five.
- Taxon
- sweet corne2
- Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.t0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma spp.Trichodermat0symbiont
- Outcome
- Flavonol contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- particularly in weeks three and fivee1
- Setting
- under field conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flavonol content increased significantly in later stages, particularly in weeks three and five”
t0“Non-Destructive Assessment of Leaf Chlorophyll, Flavonols and Anthocyanins Content in Sweet Corn Hybrids Grown Under Different Trichoderma spp. Treatments”
e2“the present study assessed the effects of two Trichoderma strains (T. harzianum and T. brevicompactum) on chlorophyll, epidermal flavonols, anthocyanins, and the nitrogen balance index (NBI) in two sweet corn hybrids under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The anthocyanin response to Trichoderma spp. was hybrid-specific, with significant interaction effects.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.t0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin responsese1
- Qualifier
- significant interaction effectse1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“anthocyanin responses were hybridspecific and expressed through significant interaction effects”
t0“Non-Destructive Assessment of Leaf Chlorophyll, Flavonols and Anthocyanins Content in Sweet Corn Hybrids Grown Under Different Trichoderma spp. Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma spp. improved the nitrogen balance index (NBI) in sweet corn, mostly in week six in Bonanca and week five in Union.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Material
- Bonancae1
- Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.t0
- Outcome
- NBI valuese1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- mostly in week six in Bonanca and week five in Unione1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“NBI values also improved, mostly in week six in Bonanca and week five in Union”
t0“Non-Destructive Assessment of Leaf Chlorophyll, Flavonols and Anthocyanins Content in Sweet Corn Hybrids Grown Under Different Trichoderma spp. Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Week was the dominant source of variation for all measured parameters in sweet corn.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“Week was the dominant source of variation for all parameters”
t0“Non-Destructive Assessment of Leaf Chlorophyll, Flavonols and Anthocyanins Content in Sweet Corn Hybrids Grown Under Different Trichoderma spp. Treatments”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Trichoderma · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.