Abstract
Managing vegetative vigor is a critical challenge for apple production in subtropical regions, where high water availability often promotes excessive canopy growth. This study evaluated the effects of split applications of prohexadione–calcium (ProCa) combined with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and ethephon on the vegetative growth and yield performance of ‘Maxi Gala’ and ‘Fuji Suprema’ apples during the 2022/23 and 2023/24 growing seasons. The experimental design consisted of six plant growth regulator (PGR) protocols: a commercial standard (Control) with two applications, and five protocols based on six split applications initiated when fruit diameter reached ~8 mm, with 10-day intervals. The treatments included ProCa; ProCa + NAA; ProCa + ethephon; ProCa + NAA + ethephon; and ethephon + NAA. The ProCa + NAA protocol demonstrated the highest efficiency in vigor control, reducing shoot growth by up to 38% in ‘Maxi Gala’ and 65% in ‘Fuji Suprema’ relative to Control. Furthermore, this treatment enhanced fruit skin coloration, increased the proportion of Category 1 fruit, and improved return bloom and overall yield. These findings suggest that split applications of ProCa associated with NAA provide a robust strategy to optimize apple orchard productivity under the edaphoclimatic conditions of southern Brazil.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The ProCa + NAA treatment reduced shoot growth by up to 38% in Maxi Gala apple relative to Control.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Maxi Galae1
- Treatment
- ProCa + NAAe1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 38%e1
- Comparator
- Controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Managing vegetative vigor is a critical challenge for apple production in subtropical regions”
e1“The ProCa + NAA protocol demonstrated the highest efficiency in vigor control, reducing shoot growth by up to 38% in ‘Maxi Gala’ and 65% in ‘Fuji Suprema’ relative to Control”
Claim · model-written summary
The ProCa + NAA treatment reduced shoot growth by up to 65% in Fuji Suprema apple relative to Control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Fuji Supremae1
- Treatment
- ProCa + NAAe1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 65%e1
- Comparator
- Controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Managing vegetative vigor is a critical challenge for apple production in subtropical regions”
e1“The ProCa + NAA protocol demonstrated the highest efficiency in vigor control, reducing shoot growth by up to 38% in ‘Maxi Gala’ and 65% in ‘Fuji Suprema’ relative to Control”
Claim · model-written summary
The ProCa + NAA treatment enhanced apple fruit skin coloration relative to Control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- ProCa + NAAe1
- Outcome
- fruit skin coloratione2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Comparator
- Controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Managing vegetative vigor is a critical challenge for apple production in subtropical regions”
e1“The ProCa + NAA protocol demonstrated the highest efficiency in vigor control, reducing shoot growth by up to 38% in ‘Maxi Gala’ and 65% in ‘Fuji Suprema’ relative to Control”
e2“Furthermore, this treatment enhanced fruit skin coloration, increased the proportion of Category 1 fruit, and improved return bloom and overall yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The ProCa + NAA treatment increased the proportion of Category 1 apple fruit relative to Control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- ProCa + NAAe1
- Outcome
- proportion of Category 1 fruite2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- Controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Managing vegetative vigor is a critical challenge for apple production in subtropical regions”
e1“The ProCa + NAA protocol demonstrated the highest efficiency in vigor control, reducing shoot growth by up to 38% in ‘Maxi Gala’ and 65% in ‘Fuji Suprema’ relative to Control”
e2“Furthermore, this treatment enhanced fruit skin coloration, increased the proportion of Category 1 fruit, and improved return bloom and overall yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The ProCa + NAA treatment improved return bloom and overall yield of apple relative to Control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- ProCa + NAAe1
- Outcome
- return bloom and overall yielde2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- Controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Managing vegetative vigor is a critical challenge for apple production in subtropical regions”
e1“The ProCa + NAA protocol demonstrated the highest efficiency in vigor control, reducing shoot growth by up to 38% in ‘Maxi Gala’ and 65% in ‘Fuji Suprema’ relative to Control”
e2“Furthermore, this treatment enhanced fruit skin coloration, increased the proportion of Category 1 fruit, and improved return bloom and overall yield”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.