Abstract
Effects of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on young fruit abscission, leaf and fruit ethylene production, and expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and cell wall degradation were examined in ‘Delicious’ apples ( Malus × domestica Borkh.). NAA at 15 mg·L −1 increased fruit abscission and ethylene production of leaves and fruit when applied at the 11-mm stage of fruit development, whereas AVG, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, at 250 mg·L −1 reduced NAA-induced fruit abscission and ethylene production of leaves and fruit. NAA also increased expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase genes ( MdACS5A and MdACS5B ), ACC oxidase gene ( MdACO1 ), and ethylene receptor genes ( MdETR1a, MdETR1b, MdETR2, MdERS1 , and MdERS2 ) in fruit cortex and fruit abscission zones. However, AVG reduced NAA-induced expression of these genes except for MdERS2 in fruit abscission zones. NAA increased expression of the polygalacturonase gene MdPG2 in fruit abscission zones but not in fruit cortex, whereas AVG reduced NAA-enhanced expression of MdPG2 in fruit abscission zones. The expression of β -1,4-glucanase gene MdCel1 in fruit abscission zones was decreased by NAA but was unaffected by AVG. Our results suggest that ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene perception, and the MdPG2 gene are involved in young fruit abscission caused by NAA.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased fruit abscission at the 11-mm stage.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA at 15 mg·L −1 increased fruit abscission and ethylene production of leaves and fruit when applied at the 11-mm stage of fruit development”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased ethylene production in leaves and fruit.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA at 15 mg·L −1 increased fruit abscission and ethylene production of leaves and fruit when applied at the 11-mm stage of fruit development”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG reduced NAA-induced fruit abscission.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AVG, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, at 250 mg·L −1 reduced NAA-induced fruit abscission and ethylene production of leaves and fruit.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG reduced NAA-induced ethylene production in leaves and fruit.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AVG, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, at 250 mg·L −1 reduced NAA-induced fruit abscission and ethylene production of leaves and fruit.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased expression of MdACS5A and MdACS5B in cortex and abscission zones.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA also increased expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase genes ( MdACS5A and MdACS5B ), ACC oxidase gene ( MdACO1 ), and ethylene receptor genes ( MdETR1a, MdETR1b, MdETR2, MdERS1 , and MdERS2 ) in fruit cortex and fruit abscission zones.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased MdACO1 expression in cortex and abscission zones.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA also increased expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase genes ( MdACS5A and MdACS5B ), ACC oxidase gene ( MdACO1 ), and ethylene receptor genes ( MdETR1a, MdETR1b, MdETR2, MdERS1 , and MdERS2 ) in fruit cortex and fruit abscission zones.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased expression of five ethylene receptor genes in cortex and abscission zones.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA also increased expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase genes ( MdACS5A and MdACS5B ), ACC oxidase gene ( MdACO1 ), and ethylene receptor genes ( MdETR1a, MdETR1b, MdETR2, MdERS1 , and MdERS2 ) in fruit cortex and fruit abscission zones.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG reduced NAA-induced expression of these genes except MdERS2 in abscission zones.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AVG reduced NAA-induced expression of these genes except for MdERS2 in fruit abscission zones.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased MdPG2 expression in abscission zones.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA increased expression of the polygalacturonase gene MdPG2 in fruit abscission zones but not in fruit cortex”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA did not increase MdPG2 expression in fruit cortex.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA increased expression of the polygalacturonase gene MdPG2 in fruit abscission zones but not in fruit cortex”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG reduced NAA-enhanced MdPG2 expression in abscission zones.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AVG reduced NAA-enhanced expression of MdPG2 in fruit abscission zones.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA decreased MdCel1 expression in abscission zones.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of β -1,4-glucanase gene MdCel1 in fruit abscission zones was decreased by NAA but was unaffected by AVG.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG did not affect MdCel1 expression in abscission zones.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of β -1,4-glucanase gene MdCel1 in fruit abscission zones was decreased by NAA but was unaffected by AVG.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors implicated ethylene biosynthesis, perception and MdPG2 in NAA-induced abscission.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results suggest that ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene perception, and the MdPG2 gene are involved in young fruit abscission caused by NAA.”
t0“Apples”
The same questions in other papers
1-naphthaleneacetic acid · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
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- positive
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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ethene · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.