Abstract
Effects of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) alone or in combination on fruit ethylene production, preharvest fruit drop, fruit quality, and fruit maturation were examined in ‘Golden Supreme’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples ( Malus × domestica Borkh.). In ‘Golden Supreme’ apples, the combination of two applications of AVG and one application of NAA 3 and 1 week, respectively, before the anticipated optimum harvest date synergistically inhibited fruit ethylene production and delayed fruit drop and ripening. Compared with one or two applications of AVG, the combination of one application of AVG and two applications of NAA had much lower preharvest fruit drop, although there was no significant difference in fruit ethylene production among these treatments. In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, 1-MCP at 396 mg·L −1 had a better effect in delaying fruit drop than did AVG at 125 mg·L −1 or NAA at 20 mg·L −1 when they were applied a week before the optimum harvest date. The combination of NAA and 1-MCP or AVG was more effective in delaying fruit drop than were NAA, 1-MCP, or AVG alone. Fruit ethylene production was inhibited by 1-MCP and AVG but not by NAA. 1-MCP and AVG delayed fruit ripening, whereas NAA increased fruit ripening as determined by fruit firmness and starch.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Two AVG applications plus one NAA application synergistically inhibited Golden Supreme ethylene production.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- ‘Golden Supreme’e0
- Treatment
- the combination of two applications of AVG and one application of NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 3 and 1 week, respectively, before the anticipated optimum harvest datee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Golden Supreme’ apples, the combination of two applications of AVG and one application of NAA 3 and 1 week, respectively, before the anticipated optimum harvest date synergistically inhibited fruit ethylene production and delayed fruit drop and ripening.”
Claim · model-written summary
That AVG and NAA combination delayed Golden Supreme fruit drop and ripening.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Golden Supreme’e0
- Treatment
- the combination of two applications of AVG and one application of NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit drop and ripeninge0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Golden Supreme’ apples, the combination of two applications of AVG and one application of NAA 3 and 1 week, respectively, before the anticipated optimum harvest date synergistically inhibited fruit ethylene production and delayed fruit drop and ripening.”
Claim · model-written summary
One AVG plus two NAA applications gave less Golden Supreme fruit drop than one or two AVG applications.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Golden Supreme’e1
- Treatment
- the combination of one application of AVG and two applications of NAAe0
- Outcome
- preharvest fruit drope0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- one or two applications of AVGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with one or two applications of AVG, the combination of one application of AVG and two applications of NAA had much lower preharvest fruit drop”
e1“In ‘Golden Supreme’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production did not differ significantly among the Golden Supreme AVG and NAA treatments.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae2
- Material
- ‘Golden Supreme’e2
- Outcome
- fruit ethylene productione0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- these treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference in fruit ethylene production among these treatments.”
e1“Compared with one or two applications of AVG, the combination of one application of AVG and two applications of NAA”
e2“In ‘Golden Supreme’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
At one week before harvest, 1-MCP delayed Golden Delicious drop more than AVG.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP at 396 mg·L −1e0
- Outcome
- fruit drope0
- Direction
- better effect in delayinge0
- Comparator
- AVG at 125 mg·L −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, 1-MCP at 396 mg·L −1 had a better effect in delaying fruit drop than did AVG at 125 mg·L −1 or NAA at 20 mg·L −1 when they were applied a week before the optimum harvest date.”
Claim · model-written summary
At one week before harvest, 1-MCP delayed Golden Delicious drop more than NAA.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP at 396 mg·L −1e0
- Outcome
- fruit drope0
- Direction
- better effect in delayinge0
- Comparator
- NAA at 20 mg·L −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, 1-MCP at 396 mg·L −1 had a better effect in delaying fruit drop than did AVG at 125 mg·L −1 or NAA at 20 mg·L −1 when they were applied a week before the optimum harvest date.”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA plus 1-MCP delayed Golden Delicious drop more than either alone.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e1
- Treatment
- The combination of NAA and 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- fruit drope0
- Direction
- more effective in delayinge0
- Comparator
- NAA, 1-MCP, or AVG alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of NAA and 1-MCP or AVG was more effective in delaying fruit drop than were NAA, 1-MCP, or AVG alone.”
e1“In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA plus AVG delayed Golden Delicious drop more than single agents.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e1
- Treatment
- NAA and 1-MCP or AVGe0
- Outcome
- fruit drope0
- Direction
- more effective in delayinge0
- Comparator
- NAA, 1-MCP, or AVG alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of NAA and 1-MCP or AVG was more effective in delaying fruit drop than were NAA, 1-MCP, or AVG alone.”
e1“In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP inhibited Golden Delicious fruit ethylene production.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e1
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- Fruit ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit ethylene production was inhibited by 1-MCP and AVG but not by NAA.”
e1“In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG inhibited Golden Delicious fruit ethylene production.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e1
- Treatment
- AVGe0
- Outcome
- Fruit ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit ethylene production was inhibited by 1-MCP and AVG but not by NAA.”
e1“In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA did not inhibit Golden Delicious fruit ethylene production.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e1
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- Fruit ethylene productione0
- Direction
- not bye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit ethylene production was inhibited by 1-MCP and AVG but not by NAA.”
e1“In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP delayed Golden Delicious fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e1
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- fruit ripeninge0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- fruit firmness and starche0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP and AVG delayed fruit ripening, whereas NAA increased fruit ripening as determined by fruit firmness and starch.”
e1“In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG delayed Golden Delicious fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e1
- Treatment
- AVGe0
- Outcome
- fruit ripeninge0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- fruit firmness and starche0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP and AVG delayed fruit ripening, whereas NAA increased fruit ripening as determined by fruit firmness and starch.”
e1“In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased Golden Delicious fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e1
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit ripeninge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- fruit firmness and starche0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP and AVG delayed fruit ripening, whereas NAA increased fruit ripening as determined by fruit firmness and starch.”
e1“In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.