Abstract
Ethylene evolution from detached fruiting apple spurs was measured after application of various bloom and post-bloom thinning agents. Ethylene evolution from fresh detached spurs of `Splendor' apple trees increased one day after application of a bloom thinning spray of ethephon or NAA, and remained higher than rates of ethylene evolution by detached spurs from unsprayed control trees for 6 (NAA) or 10 (ethephon) days. Both ethylene evolution and fruit abscission during the initial drop period were higher on trees treated with ethephon compared to NAA, however final fruit set was similar for these two treatments. Ethylene evolution was significantly higher following NAA application onto `Fuji' trees compared with NAAm, but final fruit set was reduced by a similar amount (≈20%) for both of these materials. Application of BA to `Pacific Rose™' apple trees when the average diameter of spur fruit was either 4 mm (6 days after full bloom) or 7 mm (12 days after full bloom) resulted in a significant increase in the rate of ethylene evolution and also reduced final fruit set. When application of BA was delayed until the average diameter of spur fruit was 14 mm (24 days after full bloom) neither the rate of ethylene evolution or final fruit set was affected. Although an increase in the rate of ethylene evolution was a prerequisite for thinning in the present experiments, the magnitude of this increase was not related to the final thinning efficacy. Chemical names used: benzyladenine (BA); 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon); naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); naphthalene acetamide (NAAm).
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased ethylene evolution in Splendor spurs for ten days.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- `Splendor'e0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- Ethylene evolutione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10 (ethephon) dayse0
- Comparator
- unsprayed control treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene evolution from fresh detached spurs of `Splendor' apple trees increased one day after application of a bloom thinning spray of ethephon or NAA, and remained higher than rates of ethylene evolution by detached spurs from unsprayed control trees for 6 (NAA) or 10 (ethephon) days”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased ethylene evolution in Splendor spurs for six days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- `Splendor'e0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- Ethylene evolutione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6 (NAA)e0
- Comparator
- unsprayed control treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene evolution from fresh detached spurs of `Splendor' apple trees increased one day after application of a bloom thinning spray of ethephon or NAA, and remained higher than rates of ethylene evolution by detached spurs from unsprayed control trees for 6 (NAA) or 10 (ethephon) days”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon gave higher ethylene evolution than NAA.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- ethylene evolutione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NAAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both ethylene evolution and fruit abscission during the initial drop period were higher on trees treated with ethephon compared to NAA”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon gave higher initial fruit abscission than NAA.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- fruit abscissione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NAAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both ethylene evolution and fruit abscission during the initial drop period were higher on trees treated with ethephon compared to NAA”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Final fruit set was similar after ethephon and NAA.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone1
- Outcome
- final fruit sete0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- NAAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“final fruit set was similar for these two treatments”
e1“trees treated with ethephon compared to NAA”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA produced significantly higher ethylene evolution than NAAm in Fuji trees.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Fuji'e0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- Ethylene evolutione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NAAme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene evolution was significantly higher following NAA application onto `Fuji' trees compared with NAAm”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA reduced Fuji final fruit set by about 20%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Fuji'e1
- Treatment
- NAAe1
- Outcome
- final fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ≈20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“final fruit set was reduced by a similar amount (≈20%) for both of these materials”
e1“NAA application onto `Fuji' trees compared with NAAm”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
NAAm reduced Fuji final fruit set by about 20%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Fuji'e1
- Treatment
- NAAme1
- Outcome
- final fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ≈20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“final fruit set was reduced by a similar amount (≈20%) for both of these materials”
e1“NAA application onto `Fuji' trees compared with NAAm”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
BA at 4 mm fruit diameter increased ethylene evolution.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- `Pacific Rose™'e0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- rate of ethylene evolutione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 4 mm (6 days after full bloom)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of BA to `Pacific Rose™' apple trees when the average diameter of spur fruit was either 4 mm (6 days after full bloom) or 7 mm (12 days after full bloom) resulted in a significant increase in the rate of ethylene evolution and also reduced final fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
BA at 7 mm fruit diameter increased ethylene evolution.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- `Pacific Rose™'e0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- rate of ethylene evolutione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 7 mm (12 days after full bloom)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of BA to `Pacific Rose™' apple trees when the average diameter of spur fruit was either 4 mm (6 days after full bloom) or 7 mm (12 days after full bloom) resulted in a significant increase in the rate of ethylene evolution and also reduced final fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
BA at 4 mm fruit diameter reduced final fruit set.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- `Pacific Rose™'e0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- final fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 4 mm (6 days after full bloom)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of BA to `Pacific Rose™' apple trees when the average diameter of spur fruit was either 4 mm (6 days after full bloom) or 7 mm (12 days after full bloom) resulted in a significant increase in the rate of ethylene evolution and also reduced final fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
BA at 7 mm fruit diameter reduced final fruit set.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- `Pacific Rose™'e0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- final fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 7 mm (12 days after full bloom)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of BA to `Pacific Rose™' apple trees when the average diameter of spur fruit was either 4 mm (6 days after full bloom) or 7 mm (12 days after full bloom) resulted in a significant increase in the rate of ethylene evolution and also reduced final fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
BA at 14 mm did not affect ethylene evolution.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- rate of ethylene evolutione0
- Direction
- neithere0
- Qualifier
- 14 mm (24 days after full bloom)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When application of BA was delayed until the average diameter of spur fruit was 14 mm (24 days after full bloom) neither the rate of ethylene evolution or final fruit set was affected”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
BA at 14 mm did not affect final fruit set.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- final fruit sete0
- Direction
- neithere0
- Qualifier
- 14 mm (24 days after full bloom)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When application of BA was delayed until the average diameter of spur fruit was 14 mm (24 days after full bloom) neither the rate of ethylene evolution or final fruit set was affected”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased ethylene evolution was a prerequisite for thinning.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- thinninge0
- Qualifier
- increase in the rate of ethylene evolutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the rate of ethylene evolution was a prerequisite for thinning in the present experiments”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The magnitude of ethylene increase was unrelated to final thinning efficacy.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- ethylene evolutione1
- Outcome
- final thinning efficacye0
- Qualifier
- magnitude of this increasee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the magnitude of this increase was not related to the final thinning efficacy”
e1“an increase in the rate of ethylene evolution was a prerequisite for thinning in the present experiments”
t0“Apple”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.