Abstract
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) applied 2 to 6 weeks before the optimum harvest date dramatically reduced preharvest drop of 'Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh).The loss of fruit firmness, starch, and water core was reduced by AVG sprays particularly when harvest was delayed beyond the optimum harvest date.Color development and soluble solids concentration (SSC) generally was unaffected.Equivalent dilute airblast concentration (EDAC) of 44 mg L 1 AVG was no more effective than a standard rate of napthalene acetic acid (NAA), but a rate of 44 mg L 1 AVG EDAC + a silicone surfactant ABG 7011 or 88 mg L 1 AVG EDAC was more effective than NAA.When fruit were left on the tree for periods of 3 to 5 weeks after the optimum harvest date, NAA enhanced softening and loss of starch and increased water core of 'Delicious'.Soluble solids and red color generally were unchanged by NAA.Ethephon sprays hastened the rate of fruit drop.When NAA was tank mixed with ethephon, it delayed fruit drop caused by ethephon, but AVG did not.The use of superior oil or Regulaid surfactant did not affect NAA or AVG responses; however, the silicone surfactant ABG 7011 promoted the effectiveness of AVG.Tank mixing with pesticides (Guthion + Lannate + Captan) did not affect the responses of AVG or NAA on fruit drop.Chemicals used: Aminoethoxyvinylglycine hydrochloride (N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine, (AVG));
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
AVG applied 2 to 6 weeks before optimal harvest greatly reduced preharvest drop of Delicious apples.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- 'Delicious'e0
- Treatment
- Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e0
- Outcome
- preharvest drope0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 2 to 6 weeks before the optimum harvest datee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) applied 2 to 6 weeks before the optimum harvest date dramatically reduced preharvest drop of 'Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh).”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG sprays reduced loss of fruit firmness, starch and water core, especially with delayed harvest.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Delicious’t0
- Treatment
- AVG sprayse0
- Outcome
- loss of fruit firmness, starch, and water coree0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- particularly when harvest was delayed beyond the optimum harvest datee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The loss of fruit firmness, starch, and water core was reduced by AVG sprays particularly when harvest was delayed beyond the optimum harvest date.”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG generally did not affect color development or soluble solids concentration.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- AVGe1
- Outcome
- Color development and soluble solids concentration (SSC)e0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Color development and soluble solids concentration (SSC) generally was unaffected.”
e1“The loss of fruit firmness, starch, and water core was reduced by AVG sprays”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG at 44 mg L 1 EDAC was no more effective than standard NAA.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 44 mg L 1 AVGe0
- Outcome
- no more effectivee0
- Direction
- no more effectivee0
- Comparator
- a standard rate of napthalene acetic acid (NAA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Equivalent dilute airblast concentration (EDAC) of 44 mg L 1 AVG was no more effective than a standard rate of napthalene acetic acid (NAA)”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG at 44 mg L 1 EDAC with ABG 7011 was more effective than NAA.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 44 mg L 1 AVG EDAC + a silicone surfactant ABG 7011e0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- NAAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“44 mg L 1 AVG EDAC + a silicone surfactant ABG 7011 or 88 mg L 1 AVG EDAC was more effective than NAA”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG at 88 mg L 1 EDAC was more effective than NAA.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 88 mg L 1 AVG EDACe0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- NAAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“88 mg L 1 AVG EDAC was more effective than NAA”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA enhanced softening and starch loss in fruit held on the tree 3 to 5 weeks beyond optimal harvest.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Delicious'e0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- softening and loss of starche0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- 3 to 5 weeks after the optimum harvest datee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When fruit were left on the tree for periods of 3 to 5 weeks after the optimum harvest date, NAA enhanced softening and loss of starch and increased water core of 'Delicious'.”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA increased water core in delayed-harvest Delicious fruit.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Delicious'e0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- water coree0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 3 to 5 weeks after the optimum harvest datee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When fruit were left on the tree for periods of 3 to 5 weeks after the optimum harvest date, NAA enhanced softening and loss of starch and increased water core of 'Delicious'.”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA generally left soluble solids and red color unchanged.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- Soluble solids and red colore0
- Direction
- unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble solids and red color generally were unchanged by NAA.”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon sprays hastened fruit drop.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ethephon sprayse0
- Outcome
- rate of fruit drope0
- Direction
- hastenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon sprays hastened the rate of fruit drop.”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA mixed with ethephon delayed ethephon-induced fruit drop.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAA was tank mixed with ethephone0
- Outcome
- fruit drop caused by ethephone0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- ethephone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When NAA was tank mixed with ethephon, it delayed fruit drop caused by ethephon, but AVG did not.”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG mixed with ethephon did not delay ethephon-induced fruit drop.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- AVGe0
- Outcome
- fruit drop caused by ethephone0
- Direction
- did note0
- Comparator
- ethephone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When NAA was tank mixed with ethephon, it delayed fruit drop caused by ethephon, but AVG did not.”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Superior oil or Regulaid surfactant did not affect NAA or AVG responses.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- superior oil or Regulaid surfactante0
- Outcome
- NAA or AVG responsese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of superior oil or Regulaid surfactant did not affect NAA or AVG responses”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicone surfactant ABG 7011 promoted AVG effectiveness.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- silicone surfactant ABG 7011e0
- Outcome
- effectiveness of AVGe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the silicone surfactant ABG 7011 promoted the effectiveness of AVG.”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mixing pesticides did not affect the fruit-drop responses to AVG or NAA.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Tank mixing with pesticides (Guthion + Lannate + Captan)e0
- Outcome
- responses of AVG or NAA on fruit drope0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tank mixing with pesticides (Guthion + Lannate + Captan) did not affect the responses of AVG or NAA on fruit drop.”
t0“‘Delicious’ Apples”
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