Abstract
Abstract Impacts of pH and sorption‐desorption of ‘Pegosperse’ 100‐O (PEG. 100‐O; diethylene glycol monooleate, containing 15% diester) surfactant by apple ( Malus pumila M.) leaf cuticles on surfactant‐enhanced cuticular penetration of 2,4‐D [(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were studied. Glass cylinders were affixed to enzymatically isolated adaxial apple leaf cuticles after the cuticle segments had been soaked in 10 ml liter −1 PEG 100‐O solution and washed for 20 and 120 min, respectively. Quantities of [ 14 C]2,4‐D in the glass‐cuticle chambers passing through the cuticles at pH values from 1 to 6 5 were determined. PEG 100‐O significantly increased cuticular penetration of dissociated 2,4‐D at pH 4–5; the surfactant had no effect on penetration of undissociated 2,4‐D at pH 10. Surfactant‐enhanced penetration of 2,4‐D occurred only when the surfactant was in the cuticles, while the process of surfactant sorption‐desorption alone had no effect on penetration. These results support a ‘hydrophilic channel’ hypothesis, i.e. that surfactants may create hydrophilic channels or increase the area of the channels in the cuticle and, consequently, enhance the passing of polar molecules like dissociated 2,4‐D through the cuticle.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
PEG 100-O increased penetration of dissociated 2,4-D at pH 4–5.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- PEG 100‐Oe0
- Outcome
- cuticular penetration of dissociated 2,4‐De0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- pH 4–5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PEG 100‐O significantly increased cuticular penetration of dissociated 2,4‐D at pH 4–5”
t0“apple leaf cuticles”
Claim · model-written summary
The surfactant did not affect undissociated 2,4-D penetration at pH 10.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- the surfactante0
- Outcome
- penetration of undissociated 2,4‐De0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- pH 10e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the surfactant had no effect on penetration of undissociated 2,4‐D at pH 10”
t0“apple leaf cuticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced 2,4-D penetration occurred only with surfactant in the cuticles.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Surfactant‐enhanced penetration of 2,4‐De0
- Qualifier
- only when the surfactant was in the cuticlese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Surfactant‐enhanced penetration of 2,4‐D occurred only when the surfactant was in the cuticles”
t0“apple leaf cuticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Surfactant sorption and desorption alone did not affect penetration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- surfactant sorption‐desorptione0
- Outcome
- penetratione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the process of surfactant sorption‐desorption alone had no effect on penetration”
t0“apple leaf cuticles”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the results as supporting hydrophilic channels created or enlarged by surfactants.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- surfactantse0
- Outcome
- passing of polar molecules like dissociated 2,4‐D through the cuticlee0
- Qualifier
- hydrophilic channelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“surfactants may create hydrophilic channels or increase the area of the channels in the cuticle and, consequently, enhance the passing of polar molecules like dissociated 2,4‐D through the cuticle”
t0“apple leaf cuticles”
The same questions in other papers
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11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.