Abstract
An experiment was conducted during 1999 and 2000 to study epidemiology, survival of rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] pathogen and its integrated management at Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh. Survival of rust pathogen in any form was not found during summers of 1999 and 2000, on any collateral host even in cool and humid areas of the state. Uredospores were the only spore form found on soybean which germinated at 18 degree-20 degree Celcius under laboratory conditions. The disease is favoured by moderate temperature (22 degree-25 degree Celcius), high rainfall and relative humidity in August and September. Two sprays of triadimefon (Bayleton @ 0.1%) were most effeetive, as these completely checked the rust infection and increased the yield (32%) over the control. Highest benefit: cost ratio (0.12) was observed under mancozeb (Indofil M-45,0.25%). Soil application of sulphur @ 20 kg/ha along with recommended dose of N P K (N 20 kg/ha, P2O5 kg/ ha 50 kg/ha and K2O 20 kg/ha) significantly reduced disease index (%) but farmyard manure with N P K resulted in maximum seed yield of 1.364 and 1.376 tonnes/ha at Chhindwara and Seoni respectively). Early sowing (June end) of the crop received lesser damage (36.15%) when compared with crop sown in mid-and end of July.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Rust pathogen survival was not found in summer 1999 or 2000 on collateral hosts.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Interactor
- rust pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- Survival of rust pathogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival of rust pathogen in any form was not found during summers of 1999 and 2000, on any collateral host even in cool and humid areas of the state.”
t0“soybean rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Uredospores were the only spore form found on soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- Uredosporese0pathogen
- Outcome
- Uredospores were the only spore forme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uredospores were the only spore form found on soybean which germinated at 18 degree-20 degree Celcius under laboratory conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean rust uredospores germinated at 18 degree-20 degree Celcius in laboratory conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- Uredosporese0pathogen
- Outcome
- Uredospores were the only spore form found on soybean which germinatede0
- Value
- 18 degree-20 degree Celciuse0
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uredospores were the only spore form found on soybean which germinated at 18 degree-20 degree Celcius under laboratory conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate temperature, rain and humidity favored soybean rust disease.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- moderate temperaturee0
- Interactor
- soybean rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- The diseasee0
- Direction
- favourede0
- Value
- 22 degree-25 degree Celciuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The disease is favoured by moderate temperature (22 degree-25 degree Celcius), high rainfall and relative humidity in August and September.”
t0“soybean rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Two triadimefon sprays completely checked soybean rust infection.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Two sprays of triadimefon (Bayleton @ 0.1%)e0
- Interactor
- soybean rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- rust infectione0
- Direction
- completely checkede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two sprays of triadimefon (Bayleton @ 0.1%) were most effeetive, as these completely checked the rust infection and increased the yield (32%) over the control.”
t0“soybean rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Two triadimefon sprays increased soybean yield 32% over control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Two sprays of triadimefon (Bayleton @ 0.1%)e0
- Interactor
- soybean rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two sprays of triadimefon (Bayleton @ 0.1%) were most effeetive, as these completely checked the rust infection and increased the yield (32%) over the control.”
t0“soybean rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb had the highest benefit to cost ratio of 0.12.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mancozeb (Indofil M-45,0.25%)e0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 0.12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest benefit: cost ratio (0.12) was observed under mancozeb (Indofil M-45,0.25%).”
t0“soybean rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur with NPK significantly reduced soybean rust disease index.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil application of sulphur @ 20 kg/ha along with recommended dose of N P Ke0
- Interactor
- soybean rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease index (%)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil application of sulphur @ 20 kg/ha along with recommended dose of N P K (N 20 kg/ha, P2O5 kg/ ha 50 kg/ha and K2O 20 kg/ha) significantly reduced disease index (%)”
t0“soybean rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure with NPK produced maximum seed yield of 1.364 tonnes/ha at Chhindwara.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- farmyard manure with N P Ke0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.364 and 1.376 tonnes/hae0
- Setting
- Chhindwarae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“farmyard manure with N P K resulted in maximum seed yield of 1.364 and 1.376 tonnes/ha at Chhindwara and Seoni respectively)”
t0“soybean rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure with NPK produced maximum seed yield of 1.376 tonnes/ha at Seoni.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- farmyard manure with N P Ke0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.364 and 1.376 tonnes/hae0
- Setting
- Seonie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“farmyard manure with N P K resulted in maximum seed yield of 1.364 and 1.376 tonnes/ha at Chhindwara and Seoni respectively)”
t0“soybean rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing received 36.15% less rust damage than mid or late July sowing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Early sowing (June end)e0
- Interactor
- soybean rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- lessere0
- Value
- 36.15%e0
- Comparator
- crop sown in mid-and end of Julye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early sowing (June end) of the crop received lesser damage (36.15%) when compared with crop sown in mid-and end of July.”
t0“soybean rust”
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