Abstract
A series of experiments was carried out to study on the physiological characteristics of varietal differences in the germinability of rice seeds at low temperature(). The studies included the experiments on water absorption, change of dry weight, amylase activity, respiration of the grains and on the relationship between varietal differences of the seed germinability and oxygen concentration at low temperature using 4 or 5 varieties that are quite different in the seed germinability at low temperature. The results of experiment were summarized as follows; 1. There were no varietal differences in the length of phase A of water absorption, and thus the varietal differences of the seed germinability at low temperature may be due to length of phaseB of water absorption under low temperature. The percent of embryo to the endosperm in dry weight showed gradual decrease until the completion of germination and then increased suddenly thereafter in the varieties of higher seed germinability, while there were no change in per cent of the embryo to the endosperm in dry weight in the varieties of higher seed germinability at low temperature. 2. Amylase activity was significantly increased at the beginning of seed germination in varieties of higher seed germinability at low temperature, while lower varieties showed no increase of amylase activity even at 30days after seeding in the laboratory under low temperature. 3. The varieties of higher seed germinability at low temperature showed a somewhat high respiration even at the end of phase A of water absorption and increased the respiration significantly at the onset of seed germination, while there were no increase in respiration at 30 days after seeding in the varieties of lower seed germinability at low temperature. 4. An interaction between oxygen concentration and varieties in seed germination under low temperature existed. and thus low concentration of oxygen showed a delaying of germination and rooting in the case of higher varieties, but induced or promoted the germination and rooting in the case of lower varieties in the seed germinability under low temperature conditions. The optimum oxygen concentration to induce or promote seed germination of lower varieties in the seed germinability under low temperature was about 5 per cent and this effect was more significant by prolonging the days of treatment.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Phase A water absorption duration did not differ among rice varieties.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- length of phase A of water absorptione0
- Direction
- no varietal differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no varietal differences in the length of phase A of water absorption”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest phase B duration could explain low-temperature germinability differences.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- varietal differences of the seed germinability at low temperaturee0
- Qualifier
- length of phaseB of water absorptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the varietal differences of the seed germinability at low temperature may be due to length of phaseB of water absorption under low temperature”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo-to-endosperm dry-weight proportion declined until germination then rose in high-germinability varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- percent of embryo to the endosperm in dry weighte0
- Direction
- gradual decrease until the completion of germination and then increased suddenly thereaftere0
- Qualifier
- varieties of higher seed germinabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent of embryo to the endosperm in dry weight showed gradual decrease until the completion of germination and then increased suddenly thereafter in the varieties of higher seed germinability”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
The same proportion was reported unchanged in higher-germinability varieties at low temperature, conflicting with the preceding statement.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- per cent of the embryo to the endosperm in dry weighte0
- Direction
- no changee0
- Qualifier
- varieties of higher seed germinability at low temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no change in per cent of the embryo to the endosperm in dry weight in the varieties of higher seed germinability at low temperature”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylase activity rose significantly at germination onset in high-germinability varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Amylase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- varieties of higher seed germinability at low temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amylase activity was significantly increased at the beginning of seed germination in varieties of higher seed germinability at low temperature”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylase activity did not increase even at 30 days in low-germinability varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- amylase activitye0
- Direction
- no increasee0
- Qualifier
- lower varietiese0
- Setting
- laboratorye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower varieties showed no increase of amylase activity even at 30days after seeding in the laboratory under low temperature”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
High-germinability varieties had somewhat high respiration at the end of phase A.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- respiratione0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- end of phase A of water absorptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The varieties of higher seed germinability at low temperature showed a somewhat high respiration even at the end of phase A of water absorption”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
High-germinability varieties increased respiration significantly at germination onset.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- respiratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- onset of seed germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the respiration significantly at the onset of seed germination”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-germinability varieties showed no respiration increase after 30 days.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- respiratione0
- Direction
- no increasee0
- Qualifier
- varieties of lower seed germinability at low temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no increase in respiration at 30 days after seeding in the varieties of lower seed germinability at low temperature”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen concentration interacted with variety in low-temperature germination.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- oxygen concentratione0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Qualifier
- under low temperaturee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An interaction between oxygen concentration and varieties in seed germination under low temperature existed”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Low oxygen delayed germination and rooting in higher-germinability varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low concentration of oxygene0
- Outcome
- germination and rootinge0
- Direction
- delayinge0
- Qualifier
- higher varietiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low concentration of oxygen showed a delaying of germination and rooting in the case of higher varieties”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Low oxygen promoted germination and rooting in lower-germinability varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low concentration of oxygene0
- Outcome
- germination and rootinge0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- lower varietiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low concentration of oxygen showed a delaying of germination and rooting in the case of higher varieties, but induced or promoted the germination and rooting in the case of lower varieties”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
About 5 per cent oxygen was optimal for inducing or promoting germination in lower-germinability varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Value
- 5 per cente0
- Qualifier
- lower varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum oxygen concentration to induce or promote seed germination of lower varieties in the seed germinability under low temperature was about 5 per cent”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
The low-oxygen germination benefit strengthened with longer treatment.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- prolonging the days of treatmente0
- Outcome
- this effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this effect was more significant by prolonging the days of treatment”
t0“Rice Seeds at Low Temperature”