Abstract
Swedish ornamental nurseries are supplying fertiliser to field crops only during the first half of the growing season, due to the concern of growers that late fertilisation will delay development of freezing tolerance. Effects of fertilisation on freezing tolerance were investigated in two climate chamber experiments. Three different fertilising strategies were used on plants of silver birch and blue holly; one treatment according to ordinary practice with all fertiliser applied within the first half of the growing season, secondly a treatment with all fertiliser almost evenly spread out over the growing season, and the third treatment as the second one but with additional potassium and phosphorus added at the end of the growing season. The total applied amount of nitrogen was the same for all treatments. The plants had a growing season of 12 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of autumn climate, simulated in the climate chamber. During the autumn period plants were tested for freezing tolerance in freezing tests. The study showed that a fertiliser strategy with an almost even distribution of a balanced fertiliser during the growing season had no negative effect on the development of frost tolerance in silver birch and blue holly. Growth and freezing tolerance showed small differences between treatments, although the rate of development of freezing tolerance seemed to be slightly faster in the third treatment. However, the results showed differences in growth and development of freezing tolerance between the experiments, indicating that other growth factors than nutrient distribution had an impact on developing freezing tolerance. Nevertheless, the results indicate that growers can even out the application of fertilisers over the entire growing season without jeopardising the development of freezing tolerance and, thus, decrease the risk for nutrient leakage to underlying soil and water table.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Spreading a balanced fertiliser evenly over the growing season had no negative effect on frost tolerance development, compared with ordinary practice.
Verbatim
e0“The study showed that a fertiliser strategy with an almost even distribution of a balanced fertiliser during the growing season had no negative effect on the development of frost tolerance in silver birch and blue holly”
e1“one treatment according to ordinary practice with all fertiliser applied within the first half of the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth and freezing tolerance showed small differences between fertiliser treatments.
Verbatim
e0“The study showed that a fertiliser strategy with an almost even distribution of a balanced fertiliser during the growing season had no negative effect on the development of frost tolerance in silver birch and blue holly”
e2“Growth and freezing tolerance showed small differences between treatments, although the rate of development of freezing tolerance seemed to be slightly faster in the third treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The rate of freezing tolerance development seemed slightly faster with additional potassium and phosphorus at the end of the season.
- Taxon
- silver birch and blue hollye0
- Treatment
- additional potassium and phosphorus added at the end of the growing seasone5
- Outcome
- rate of development of freezing tolerancee2
- Direction
- slightly fastere2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The study showed that a fertiliser strategy with an almost even distribution of a balanced fertiliser during the growing season had no negative effect on the development of frost tolerance in silver birch and blue holly”
e2“Growth and freezing tolerance showed small differences between treatments, although the rate of development of freezing tolerance seemed to be slightly faster in the third treatment”
e5“the third treatment as the second one but with additional potassium and phosphorus added at the end of the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Other growth factors than nutrient distribution appear to affect the development of freezing tolerance.
Verbatim
e0“The study showed that a fertiliser strategy with an almost even distribution of a balanced fertiliser during the growing season had no negative effect on the development of frost tolerance in silver birch and blue holly”
e3“the results showed differences in growth and development of freezing tolerance between the experiments, indicating that other growth factors than nutrient distribution had an impact on developing freezing tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers can even out fertiliser application over the growing season without jeopardising freezing tolerance development.
Verbatim
e0“The study showed that a fertiliser strategy with an almost even distribution of a balanced fertiliser during the growing season had no negative effect on the development of frost tolerance in silver birch and blue holly”
e4“the results indicate that growers can even out the application of fertilisers over the entire growing season without jeopardising the development of freezing tolerance and, thus, decrease the risk for nutrient leakage to underlying soil and water table”
Claim · model-written summary
Even fertiliser application over the growing season may decrease the risk of nutrient leakage.
Verbatim
e0“The study showed that a fertiliser strategy with an almost even distribution of a balanced fertiliser during the growing season had no negative effect on the development of frost tolerance in silver birch and blue holly”
e4“the results indicate that growers can even out the application of fertilisers over the entire growing season without jeopardising the development of freezing tolerance and, thus, decrease the risk for nutrient leakage to underlying soil and water table”